金属非金属矿山采空区灾害特征分析及预防措施  

Analysis on Disaster Characteristics and Preventive Measures of Goaf in Metal and Non-metal Mines

作　　者：何荣兴[1] 韩智勇[1] 周颜军 刘欢[1] 刘洋[1] HE Rongxing;HAN Zhiyong;ZHOU Yanjun;LIU Huan;LIU Yang(College of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2020年第9期33-38,共6页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0801604)。

摘　　要：采空区的长期存在使得围岩和矿柱稳定性逐渐降低,造成地压活动、冒落冲击气浪、突水、地表塌陷等危害,采空区已成为金属非金属矿山开采的主要危险源。介绍了采空区灾害类型及不同类型的相应案例,分析了采空区灾害发生的一般规律和特征。采空区岩体失稳破坏过程和冒落规律分析结果表明:采空区顶板暴露面积大或者空区至周围自由空间的岩体厚度小、顶板岩体强度降低是采空区灾害发生的直接原因,采空区围岩的扰动会加速采空区的失稳冒落。对此,提出了相应的采空区灾害预防、控制措施,对金属矿采空区的灾害预防具有一定的理论指导意义。Long-term existence of goaf can gradually decrease the stability of surrounding rock and pillars,which causes ground pressure activities,air burst,water inrush,surface subsidence and other hazards.Goaf has become the main risk source of metal and non-metal mining.The types of goaf disasters and the corresponding cases of different types were introduced,and the general laws and characteristics of goaf disasters were analyzed in this paper.The results show that the direct causes of the goaf disasters include the large exposure area of the roof or the small thickness of the rock mass from the goaf to the surrounding free space,as well as the decrease the strength of roof rock.The disturbance of the surrounding rock in the goaf can accelerate the instability and caving of the goaf.In this regard,corresponding prevention and control measures of goaf disasters are put forward,which have a certain theoretical significance for the disaster prevention of goaf in metal mine.

关 键 词：采空区 地压 地表塌陷 空场法 

分 类 号：TD853.391[矿业工程—金属矿开采]