17268例非住院儿童创伤发病特点的流行病学调查  

Epidemiological study of onset characteristics in 17 628 non-hospitalized children with trauma

作　　者：吴玉洁 吴利平[1] 林光燕[2] 王燕[2] 徐红芳[2] 魏平 Wu Yujie;Wu Liping;Lin Guangyan;Wang Yan;Xu Hongfang;Wei Ping(Department of Nursing,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critial Disorders,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics;Department of Outpatient Surgery,Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critial Disorders,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属儿童医院护理部,儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室,国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心,儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地,儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆400014 [2]重庆医科大学附属儿童医院门诊外科,儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室,国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心,儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地,儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆400014

出　　处：《重庆医科大学学报》2020年第8期1213-1217,共5页Journal of Chongqing Medical University

基　　金：重庆市教委护理学“十三五”重点学科资助项目(编号:2019hlxk09);重庆市护理学“十二五”重复学科建设资助项目(编号:HLJY201806)。

摘　　要：目的:调查非住院儿童创伤发病特点的流行病学特征,为儿童创伤的科普、预防与治疗提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2017年8月至2019年7月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院收治的非住院创伤患儿病历资料。结果:共纳入患儿17 268例,男女比为1.73∶1,平均年龄(4.31±2.82)岁;年创伤高发期为4月(1 777/17 268,10.29%)、7月(1 752/17 268,10.15%)及12月(1 574/17268,9.12%),日创伤高发时段为18:00~19:59(3 475/17 268,20.12%);家庭(7 932/17 268,45.93%)和学校(5 526/17 268,32.00%)是常见受伤地点;头部(12 150/17 268,70.36%)和四肢(3 605/17 268,20.88%)易受伤,头部受伤多由跌倒(7 805/12150,64.24%)和撞伤(3 657/12 150,30.10%)引起,四肢受伤多由锐器伤(1 122/3 605,31.12%)和烫伤(1 342/3 605,37.23%)引起,头部跌倒受伤是首位致伤原因(7 805/17 268,45.20%)。结论:非住院儿童创伤的发病特点有规律可循。加强儿童及其照顾者健康宣教,合理配置医疗资源,家校联动防范创伤,注重防护头部与四肢,重视烫伤预处理与活动场地安全,可有效减少创伤。Objective:To investigate the epidemiological feature in non-hospitalized children with trauma,providing references to the science popularization,prevention and treatment. Methods:Electronic medical records of non-hospitalized children with trauma in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from August 2017 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results:A total of17 268 children were included,with gender ratio of 1.73∶1 and average age of(4.31±2.82) years old. Annual high prevalence time included April(1 777/17 268,10.29%),July(1 752/17 268,10.15%) and December(1 574/17 268,9.12%). Daily high prevalence time was 18:00 to 19:59(3 475/17 268,20.12%). Common injury places contained homes(7 932/17 268,45.93%) and schools(5 526/17 268,32.00%). Positions were easily injured were head(12 150/17 268,70.36%) and limbs(3 605/17 268,20.88%). Head injuries were mostly caused by falling down(7 805/12 150,64.24%) and bump(3 657/12 150,30.10%),while limb injuries by sharp instruments(1 122/3 605,31.12%) and scald(1 342/3 605,37.23%). Moreover,falling down to cause head injury was the initial injury cause(7 805/17 268,45.20%). Conclusion:The characteristics of trauma in non-hospitalized children follows some rules.Strengthening health education for children and caregivers,rational allocation of medical resources,home-school joint prevention of trauma,protection of head and limbs,and focusing on scald pretreatment and safety of activity places can effectively reduce the trauma.

关 键 词：儿童 创伤 流行病学 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R18[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]