《民法典》视角下意思自治原则与司法抑制现实之间的张力——以民间借贷利率司法规制为线索  

The Tension between the Principle of Party Autonomy and the Reality of Judicial Repression from the Perspective of Civil Code——From the Perspective of Judicial Attitudes towards Private Lending Interest Rate

作　　者：沈伟[1] 靳思远 SHEN Wei;JIN Siyuan(Koguan School of Law,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China;School of Law,Shandong University,Qingdao 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,中国上海200030 [2]山东大学法学院,中国青岛250100

出　　处：《上海商学院学报》2020年第4期44-64,共21页Business Economic Review

摘　　要：民间借贷作为一种民间自发的融资活动,在激活民间资金、发展中小企业等方面发挥了重要的作用。在"高利贷""套路贷"等违法借贷现象滋生背景下,作为"市民生活的百科全书"的《民法典》给出了关键性指导意见,明确禁止高利放贷,为司法机关审理高利贷案件提供了明确的法律依据,但仍需明确"高利贷"的界定方式。司法机关长期以来受金融监管机关对民间借贷的抑制思维影响,没有及时转变对民间借贷的司法抑制理念,甚至在企业间借贷合同效力等问题上出现"同案不同判"现象和司法审判周期性的特征。审判职能是司法权最根本的职能,司法机关应当保持其独立性和中立性,遵循《民法典》"意思自治"原则,在法律允许的范围内尽可能保护合同和约定的借贷利率有效性。此外,其他公权力机关对企业间民间借贷问题保持"竞争中立",给中小企业民间借贷适当松绑,促进民间借贷市场实现良性发展。As a spontaneous private financing activity,private lending has played an important role in activating private funds and developing small and medium-sized enterprises.Against the background of the breeding of illegal borrowing phenomena such as"loan usury"and"routine loan",the Civil Code,which is the"encyclopedia of citizen’s daily life",provides some key guidance,clearly prohibiting usury lending,and leading judicial authorities to try usury cases.A clear legal basis has been established,but the definition of"loan usury"still needs to be clarified.Judicial authorities have long been affected by financial regulatory authorities’restraining approach towards private lending,and have not changed their judicial repression on private lending in a timely manner.There has even been a phenomenon of"different judgments in the same case"on issues such as the validity of inter-enterprise lending contracts and a judicial cycle towards private lending.The adjudicative function is the most fundamental function of the judiciary.The judicial authority should maintain its independence and neutrality,follow the principle of party autonomy in the Civil Code,and protect the validity of contracts and agreed loan interest rates as far as possible within the scope of the law.In addition,other public authorities need to respect and maintain the principle of competitive neutrality on the issue of private lending among various enterprises,appropriately loosening private lending to SMEs,and promoting the sound development of the private lending market.

关 键 词：民法典 民间借贷 意思自治 司法抑制 

分 类 号：D922.282[政治法律—经济法学]