语境支持下的词义猜测及动补式的认知与习得  

Context-based Lexical Inferencing and the Learning of Resultative Verb Compounds

作　　者：许怡 张洁[2] Yi Xu;Jie Zhang

机构地区：[1]美国匹兹堡大学东亚语言文学系 [2]美国俄克拉荷马大学现代语言文学和语言学系

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2020年第4期546-560,共15页Chinese Teaching in the World

摘　　要：本文考察了第二语言学习者通过语境内词义猜测的方式学习动补复合式、归纳补语引申义的情况。19名母语为英语的被试完成了无语境条件下的前测、语境内词义猜测以及延时后测三项任务。通过定量分析和对被试在语境内词义猜测任务中出声思考的转录分析,我们先确认语境对词义猜测的支持作用,然后探讨被试利用语境的方式。我们提出,语境、词内成分及结构并不是完全分开的线索源。学习者在阅读中常常通过语境来运用词汇、语素和构词法知识。在学习动补式的效果方面,研究考察了被试对补语新语义的归纳及对新动补组合的长时记忆。我们指出,学习者的二语语言知识、母语语言知识和元语言意识对认知新补语起一定作用。同时,仅通过语境内词义猜测学习新动补式有其局限性。在教学中,可把针对性的教学干预与阅读结合起来,以取得更好的词汇习得效果。Using questionnaires and a think-aloud protocol,this study looks into how English-speaking learners of Chinese infer the extended meanings of resultative verb complements through context and how they learn novel resultative verb compounds(RVCs)in sentences.Nineteen English-speaking learners of Chinese completed three tasks:a without-context pre-test,a within-context lexical inference task,and a delayed posttest.Results show that context significantly facilitated lexical inferencing.Learners were able to use context cues to activate their lexical,morphological,and orthographical knowledge,which suggests that context-based and word-internal cues were used in interactive and integrated ways.The effect of novel RVC learning was determined by learners’ability to induce the meanings of the complements and their long-term retention of the novel RVCs’meanings.We point out that learners’intralingual,interlingual,and metalinguistic knowledge all contributed to their acquisition of novel complements.Meanwhile,learning RVCs through context-based lexical inferencing has its limitations.Pedagogically,we recommend combined use of context-based reading practice and explicit instruction of verb complements.

关 键 词：出声思考 词汇学习 词义猜测 动补式 语境 

分 类 号：H319.3[语言文字—英语]