密度与化控对麦后直播棉产量及矿质元素积累的影响  

Effects of Planting Density and Chemical control on Yield and Mineral Elements Accumulation of Cotton Direct-Seeded after Wheat

作　　者：吴莘玲 耿吉嘉 曹丽芳 林远 刘晓飞[1] 蔡泽洲 陈媛 张祥[1] 陈德华[1] Wu Xinling;Geng Jijia;Cao Lifang;Lin Yuan;Liu Xiaofei;Cai Zezhou;Chen Yuan;Zhang Xiang;Chen Dehua(Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《棉花学报》2020年第5期438-448,共11页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201306);江苏省博士后基金(1601116C);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程;江苏高校品牌专业建设工程(PPZY2015A060);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究重大项目(17KJA210003)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究密度和棉太金化控对长江流域小麦后直播棉产量及氮、磷、钾吸收积累的影响,以期为该种植模式下棉花高产高效栽培提供理论指导。【方法】2011-2012年,于扬州大学农学院试验田以早熟品种国欣早11-1为材料,设置75 000、90 000、105 000株·hm^-23个密度;棉太金用量分别为0、1 170、2 340 m L·hm^-2进行试验。【结果】在90 000~105 000株·hm^-2密度下配合1 170 m L·hm^-2棉太金(苗期:90 m L·hm^-2、盛蕾期:180 m L·hm^-2、盛花期:360 m L·hm^-2、盛铃期:540 m L·hm^-2),小麦后直播棉籽棉产量最高,达3 551.3~3 687.5 kg·hm^-2。在此条件下,棉株对氮、磷、钾素的吸收量也最高,分别达117.8 kg·hm^-2、77.4 kg·hm^-2、116.4 kg·hm^-2。其中,氮素吸收量在盛蕾期—盛花期最高,磷、钾吸收量则均于盛花期—吐絮期达到最大。相关性分析发现,长江流域小麦后直播棉产量与氮、磷、钾素总吸收积累量,尤其是在盛花期—吐絮期总体呈显著线性正相关关系。【结论】中高密度下配合施用适量棉太金可增强棉株对氮、磷、钾等元素的吸收,以盛花期-吐絮期为最盛,从而实现长江流域小麦后直播棉高产。[Objective]The effects of planting density and Miantaijin treatment on yield and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake and accumulation in cotton direct-seeded after wheat in the Yangtze River basin were studied in order to clarify the high-yield cultivation techniques under this cropping system.【Method】In 2011 and 2012,Guoxinzao 11-1 at the experimental material,and adopted three densities(75000,90000 and 105000 plants·hm^-2)and three Miantaijin doses(0 m L·hm^-2,1170 m L·hm^-2 and 2340 m L·hm^-2).【Result】The results showed that the highest yield was 3551.3~3687.5 kg·hm^-2 under90000~105000 plant·hm^-2 density combined with 1170 m L·hm^-2 Miantaijin(seedling stage:90 m L·hm^-2,peak squaring stage:180 m L·hm^-2,peak flowering stage:360 m L·hm^-2,peak boll-setting stage:540 m L·hm^-2).Under these conditions,the highest uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was 117.8 kg·hm^-2,77.4 kg·hm^-2,116.4 kg·hm^-2,respectively.Among them,nitrogen uptake was the highest in the peak-squaring stage to peak-flowering stage,while the highest phosphorus and potassium uptake were both detected in the peak-flowering to boll-opening stage.The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant linear positive correlation between the yield of direct seeded cotton after wheat and the total absorption and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,especially during the peak flowering to boll-opening stage.【Conclusion】The suitable application dose of Miantaijin under medium and high density could enhance the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the whole growth period of cotton,especially in the peak flowering to boll-opening stage.and thus result in the high yield of direct-seeded cotton after wheat in the Yangtze River basin.

关 键 词：麦后直播棉 密度 棉太金 产量 氮 磷 钾 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]