高强度聚氯乙烯中空纤维膜的制备及其性能  

Preparation and properties of high strength polyvinyl chloride hollow fiber membrane

作　　者：梅硕[1] 李金超 卢士艳[1] 肖长发[3] 杨勇[1] 冯向伟 MEI Shuo;LI Jinchao;LU Shiyan;XIAO Changfa;YANG Yong;FENG Xiangwei(School of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, China;School of Textiles, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191, China;State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院纺织学院,河南郑州450007 [2]河南工程学院纺织学院,河南郑州451191 [3]天津工业大学分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《纺织学报》2020年第9期16-20,共5页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：中国纺织工业联合会科技指导性项目(2018067);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(16B540001,14A540004);天津市省部共建分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室项目(M2-201601);中国工程院“先进基础材料强国战略研究课题”子项目(2018-ZD-03)。

摘　　要：针对溶液相转化法制备的聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜存在强度及通透性能难以同步提高的问题,以MT-I型复合粉为成孔剂,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯为稀释剂,采用螺杆挤出法制备了PVC中空纤维膜,研究了拉伸和萃取过程对纤维膜形貌及结构的影响,并通过水通量、碳素墨水截留率及拉伸强力测试分析了纤维膜的分离性能和力学性能。结果表明:随着拉伸倍数的增加,PVC中空纤维膜的断裂强度增大,断裂伸长率减小;经乙醇萃取后纤维膜表面出现了更多微孔,纤维膜的通透性能提高;当拉伸倍数为3时,纤维膜具有较高通透性和较好的力学性能,水通量为798 L/(m^2·h),拉伸断裂强度为17.7 MPa,断裂伸长率为70.67%。In order to solve the problem of hard synchronous increase strength and permeability of polyvinyl chloride(PVC)membrane obtained by solution phase inversion method,high performance of PVC hollow fiber membranes were prepared using the screw extrusion spinning method,with MT-I composite powder as pore-forming agent and dioctyl phthalate as diluent.The influences of heat setting ratio and extraction on morphology and structure of fiber membrane were investigated.Separation performance and mechanical properties of fiber membranes were characterized by pure water flux,rejection of carbon ink and tensile strength.Results show that as the stretching ratio increased,the tensile strength of the membrane increases and elongation at break decreases.After ethanol extraction,more micro pores appear on the surface of the membrane which improves the permeability of the membrane.The membrane with stretching ratio 3 after ethanol extraction exhibits a larger permeability with pure water flux of 798 L/(m^2·h),and a better performance with tensile strength of 17.7 MPa and elongation at break of 70.67%.

关 键 词：聚氯乙烯 螺杆挤出法 中空纤维膜 分离膜 水处理 截留率 

分 类 号：TB324[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ028.8[化学工程]