基于形态学及多基因位点的枸杞褐斑病病原鉴定  

Morphology and multi-locus phylogeny of Lycium barbarum leaf spot pathogen

作　　者：王艳[1,2] 晋玲 申培增[3] 崔治家 朱田田[1] WANG Yan;JIN Ling;SHEN Peizeng;CUI Zhijia;ZHU Tiantian(Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China;Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lazhou 730000, China;Baiyin Agricultural Technology Service Center, Baiyin 730900, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃中医药大学,兰州730000 [2]甘肃省中药质量标准重点实验室,兰州730000 [3]甘肃省白银市农技服务中心,白银730900

出　　处：《植物保护》2020年第5期122-127,共6页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960004,31460013);甘肃省自然科学基金(17JR5RA164);甘肃省中药质量与标准研究重点实验室培育基地开放基金(ZYZL18-001);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);第四次全国中药资源普查甘肃省工作和甘肃省中药材病虫害现状调查研究(GSZYPC2018Z28);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-21)。

摘　　要：枸杞Lycium barbarum Mill.是一种药食两用的名贵中药材,褐斑病是2010年在甘肃省枸杞种植区发生的由无性态类真菌新种枸杞小黑梨孢Stigmella lycii引起的新病害,据2015年-2018年调查,该病害已扩展至甘肃省各枸杞种植区,常年发病率45%~65%,严重度2~3级。本研究首次对枸杞小黑梨孢有性态形态进行描述,并结合分子生物学方法,确定该病病原菌的系统发育地位,为该病的防治提供一定的理论依据。枸杞褐斑病菌在离体培养条件下和越冬病叶上均可形成有性态。子囊壳球形至亚球形,大小185.6μm×176.6μm,有喙,喙的大小为(35.7~53.6)μm×(32.0~53.55)μm;子囊袋状,大小(103.2~165.7)μm×(15.7~22.4)μm,含8个子囊孢子;子囊孢子砖格状,大小(25.9~36.5)μm×(9.4~14.1)μm,平均31.2μm×12.3μm,具(4~)6~7个纵隔和1~3个横隔。通过ITS、LSU、RPB2和EF1-α多基因位点联合构建系统发育树,确定该菌为子囊菌门格孢腔菌目格孢腔菌科真菌。秋末冬初清洁田园,减少来年初侵染源,是有效防治枸杞褐斑病的关键措施。Lycium barbarum Mill.is a precious traditional Chinese medicine.It has been used as medicine and food for more than 2000 years in China.Lycium leaf spot is a new disease detected in 2010 in Gansu province.According to the survey results from 2015 to 2018,the disease had expanded to all cultivation areas in Gansu with the disease incidence of 45%-65%and the disease severity of 2-3 degrees.This study combined the morphology and molecular technology to clarify the phylogenetic status of the Lycium leaf spot pathogen Stigmella lycii.The pathogen was pathogenic to the leaves of L.barbarum,causing necrotic and premature leaf and fruit fall.The asci and ascospores of its sexual morphs appeared on fallen leaves of L.barbarum in late growth seasons in nature or cultures in vitro.Its ascomata was 185.6μm×176.6μm in diameter,with a conical to cylindrical beak of(35.7-53.6)μm×(32.0-53.55)μm.Asci bitunicate,with eight ascospores,(103.2-165.7)μm×(15.7-22.4)μm in size;its ascospores were(25.9-36.5)μm×(9.4-14.1)μm(mean=31.2μm×12.3μm),with(4-)6-7 longitudinal septa and 1-3 transverse septa.Through multi-loci phylogenetic analysis of ITS,LSU,RPB2 and EF1-αsequences,we confirmed that S.lycii belonged to Pleosporaceae.The morphological and phylogenic status of S.lycii was described and illustrated in this study for the first time.

关 键 词：枸杞褐斑病 枸杞小黑梨孢 格孢腔菌科 系统发育 

分 类 号：S436.63[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]