西藏原始林芝云杉林的空间结构与环境的关系  

Relationship between Spatial Structure and Environment of Original Picea likiangensis var.linzhiensis Forest in Tibet

作　　者：高辉 方江平[1,2,3,4,5] 刘丽娟[6] 刘禧 GAO Hui;FANG Jiangping;LIU Lijuan;LIU Xi(Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi Tibet 860000, China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet, Ministry of Education, Nyingchi Tibet 860000, China;National Key Station of Field Scientific Observation and Experiment, Nyingchi Tibet 860000, China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Plateau Area, Tibet Autonomous Region, Nyingchi Tibet 860000, China;United Key Laboratories of Ecological Security, Tibet Autonomous Region, Nyingchi Tibet 860000, China;College of Environmental Science Engineering of China West Normal University, Nanchong Sichuan 637002, China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所,西藏林芝860000 [2]西藏高原森林生态教育部重点实验室,西藏林芝860000 [3]西藏林芝高山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,西藏林芝860000 [4]西藏自治区高原森林生态实验室,西藏林芝860000 [5]西藏自治区生态安全联合实验室,西藏林芝860000 [6]西华师范大学环境科学与工程学院,四川南充637002

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第5期95-103,共9页Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0502006)。

摘　　要：为了进一步揭示青藏高原地区典型原始森林生态系统结构和功能的影响,本文以西藏原生裸子植物林芝云杉(Picea likiangensis var.linzhiensis Cheng et L.K.Fu)为主要调查对象,采用野外调查法,通过设置样地调查云杉林中乔木、灌木、草本的生长情况,从而对西藏原始林芝云杉林的空间结构与环境的关系进行分析研究。点格局分析表明:在小尺度范围内,林芝云杉趋向于集群分布,在大尺度范围内,受环境异质性的影响林芝云杉呈现为随机分布;其中小径木在一定尺度范围内表现为集群分布,经过自然界的竞争和选择,林窗的大小起到了决定性因素,到大径级时表现出均匀分布。空间结构研究表明:西藏原始林芝云杉林具有乔木层、灌木层、草本层和苔藓层等明显的分层现象;林芝云杉是该群落绝对优势种,个体数在66%以上;林窗使林芝云杉林的环境异质性得到增强;林芝云杉林的空间格局与土壤理化性质和地形具有密切的关系,不同区域的土壤理化性质决定了群落空间格局的分布特点。In order to further reveal the influence of the structure and function of typical primitive forest ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this article took the Tibetan native gymnosperm plant Picea likiangensis var.linzhiensis Cheng et L.K.Fu as the main subject of investigation.The field survey method was used to investigate the growth of trees,shrubs,and herbs in the spruce forest by setting up plots.The relationship between the spatial structure of the original P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis and the environment was analyzed and studied.The point pattern analysis shows that:in the small-scale range,P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis tends to be distributed in clusters;in the large-scale range,under the influence of environmental heterogeneity,P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis presents a random distribution.Among them,the small-diameter trees show as cluster distribution.Spatial structure research shows that the original P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis in Tibet has obvious layering phenomena such as tree layer,shrub layer,herb layer and moss layer.P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis is the absolutely dominant species in the community,with an individual number of more than 66%.The forest gap enhances the environmental heterogeneity of P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis.The spatial pattern of P.likiangensis var.linzhiensis is closely related to soil physical and chemical properties and topography.The soil physical and chemical properties in different regions also determine the distribution characteristics of the community spatial pattern.

关 键 词：林芝云杉 点格局分析 空间结构 林窗 环境 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]