德国法律评注文化的特点与成因  

Features and Evolution Factors of German Legal Commentary Culture

作　　者：卜元石 BU Yuan-shi

机构地区：[1]弗莱堡大学法律系,德国79098

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2020年第4期110-125,160,161,共18页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：德国法律评注文化高度繁荣,法律评注是德国法学界的主导媒体。德国法学的特色,即实践导向的学术与学术导向的实践之结合,也在评注中得以充分体现。以规范解释为中心、以法律适用为服务对象、信息集成性与时效性强构成了法律评注作为文献类型的独特性,并决定了这种工具书的不可替代性。根据规模与内容定位,法律评注可以分为大型、中型、小型评注;根据作者群体,德国还有立法评注与法官评注;根据读者群体定位,还可分为万能评注、学生版评注等。同一部法律的同种规模评注之间存在竞争,不同规模的评注之间存在共生的关系。依托小型评注,评注业得以兴盛,而评注的学术性则为主要由学者撰写的大型评注所支撑。德国评注文化的形成既有历史原因,也与德国法学的教义学定位、法学教育中对评注使用的训练、出版社的推动作用、法官的工作习惯、大学教席制等机制性因素密不可分。There is in Germany a highly prosperous culture of legal commentaries,which amount to the leading media of the German legal profession.The characteristics of the German science of law,namely the combination of practical oriented scholarship and academically oriented practice,are also reflected in legal commentaries.Taking the interpretation of norms as the focus and law application as the aim,intense integration of information as well as high topicality constitute the special features of legal commentary as a literature genre,and render this type of reference work indispensable.Legal commentaries can be divided into large,intermediate and small ones according to their scales and contents,into legislative and judiciary ones according to the author's groups,or into universal and student ones according to the targeted readers.Commentaries of the same scale in the same statute compete with each other,while those of different scales also coexist as symbiosis.The prosperity of commentaries in Germany is dependent on small commentaries,while the scientific character of commentaries is derived from large commentaries that are primarily written by scholars.The formation of German commentary culture can be traced back to its historical tradition,the selfefinition of German legal study as doctri-nal research,training in the use of commentaries in the legal education,the engagement of publishers,working habit of judges and the arrangement of chairs with resources at universities.

关 键 词：法教义学 小型评注 大型评注 立法评注 法官评注 网络版评注 

分 类 号：D951.6[政治法律—法学] DD913