战略跟随与外交自主性:日本对拉美政策的历史演变  

The Follower Strategy and the Diplomacy Autonomy:Japan’s Foreign Policy Towards Latin America

作　　者：孙洪波[1] Sun Hongbo

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所国际关系研究室

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2020年第4期49-72,156,共25页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：考察拉美在大国博弈及兴衰更替中的历史角色,日本对拉外交有诸多特殊之处.随着战后日本经济迅速崛起,20世纪六七十年代成为日拉关系发展的“黄金期”,日本在拉移民、经济利益及影响力也随之迅速扩大.时至20世纪90年代,日本仍一直自视为亚拉跨区域关系的“引领者”.21世纪以来,日本对拉外交为谋求全球政治大国地位,力争获得拉美国家的政治支持.鉴于长期的日美同盟关系,日本对拉外交具有“战略跟随与外交自主性”的鲜明特征.这既是战后国际体系、日美特殊盟友关系、国际格局多极化等外部因素塑造的产物,也是日本根据不同历史阶段在拉利益进行对拉外交决策的逻辑反映.回顾日本对拉政策历史演变,日本对拉外交的基本轮廓是基于日美战略同盟,视拉美为其融入国际社会的依托力量,维护海外资源供应安全的战略来源地,扩大对外出口的重要国际市场,倚重对拉产业价值链合作赢得国际竞争优势,以及谋求全球政治大国地位的支持性力量.Japan adopted a special pattern of diplomacy toward Latin America under the background of the big powers strategic competition in this region.As Japan rose up economically since 1960s,Japan-Latin America relations entered a golden era,and Japan expanded rapidly its political influence in Latin America.By the end of 1990s,Japan was still regarded as the most influential country from Asia in this region.Since the beginning of the 21th century,Japan attempted to obtain Latin American countries’support to pursue its global political power status.In view of its strategic alliance with U.S.,the pattern of Japan’s foreign policy toward Latin America is characterized by the follower strategy and the diplomacy autonomy,which reflected both the trait of the postwar international regime,the Japan-U.S.Alliance,and the trend of the world multipolarization.From the historical view of Japan’s policy toward Latin America,it was evident that Japan defined its national interest in Latin America from multi-dimensions that included resource supply security,international export market,and the diplomatic interest for the global political power.In view of the different period of Japan’s relationship with Latin America,Japan’s policy practice also accumulated rich experiences and lessons for other Asian countries.

关 键 词：日拉关系 日美同盟 战略跟随 外交自主性 经济外交 大国博弈 

分 类 号：D831.3[政治法律—政治学]