军事潜水员眼科患病情况及原因探析  

Analysis on the prevalence and causes of ophthalmopathy in military divers

作　　者：巩艳秋[1] 陈晓洁[1] 钱棪梅 马越 黄峰 唐艳超[1] 徐利平[1] Gong Yanqiu;Chen Xiaojie;Qian Yanmei;Ma Yue;Huang Feng;Tang Yanchao;Xu Liping(Department of Health Management,Specical Service Sanatorium Center of Air Force,Hangzhou 310002,China)

机构地区：[1]空军杭州特勤疗养中心健康管理科(原南京军区杭州疗养院海勤疗养区),杭州310002

出　　处：《海军医学杂志》2020年第5期503-506,共4页Journal of Navy Medicine

基　　金：南京军区医药创新重点项目(14ZD43)。

摘　　要：目的了解军事潜水员眼科疾病的分布情况及危险因素,为开展针对性防治工作提供理论依据。方法收集2008-2016年在某疗养院疗养与体检的1 864人军事潜水员健康档案,采用描述性统计与卡方检验对其眼科体检结果进行分析。结果军事潜水员眼科患病率为48.01%,排名前3的眼科疾病分别为:屈光不正721例(占38.60%),结膜炎71例(占3.80%),老视30例(占1.60%)。根据不同服役年限进行分组分析发现,屈光不正与老视患病率组间差异显著(χ2=23.821,P=0.000;χ2=155.244,P=0.000),其中9~12年军龄组的屈光不正患病率最高,为216例(占45.70%);老视主要集中在服役年限≥17年组,为30例(占9.80%)。根据不同潜水时间分组老视患病率差异显著(χ2=44.430,P=0.000),潜水累计时间>1 000 h组老视患病率最高,共15例(占6.25%)。结论屈光不正、结膜炎、老视为军事潜水员的主要眼科疾病,其中屈光不正与老视具有一定的群体聚集性,建议部队卫生工作中加强对军事潜水员眼科常见病的预防及诊疗,维护保障军事潜水员的整体健康水平。Objective To investigate and analyze the distribution and risk factors of ophthalmic diseases in military divers, so as to provide theoretical basis for targeted prevention and treatment of the disorder.Methods Medical data of 1 864 military divers who stayed in a certain sanatorium in Hangzhou for refreshment and physical checks from 2008 to 2016 were collected for study. The obtained data were treated with descriptive analysis and chi-square analysis.Results The morbidity of ophthalmic diseases in the selected military divers was 48.01%. The top three ophthalmic diseases were ametropia(721 cases, accounting for 38.60%), conjunctivitis(71 cases, accounting for 3.80%) and presbyopia(30 cases, accounting for 1.60%). Grouping analysis based on different years of service revealed that there were significant differences in the morbidity of ametropia and presbyopia, when comparisons were made between the 2 groups(χ^2=23.821, P=0.000, χ^2=155.244, P=0.000). The divers with 9-12 years of service had the highest incidence of ametropia, with a total of 216 cases, accounting for 45.70%. The divers with presbyopia were mainly in the group with a service length of(≥17 years), and totally there were 30 cases, accounting for 9.80%. There were significant differences in the morbidity of presbyopia when comparisons were made between the groups as divided by diving time(χ^2=44.430,P=0.000). The highest incidence of presbyopia occurred in the group with the diving time of over 1 000 hours, with a total of 15 cases, accounting for 6.25%.Conclusion Ametropia, conjunctivitis and presbyopia were the main ophthalmological diseases among military divers. Efforts should be made to intensify prevention and treatment of common ophthalmology among military divers, so that their overall health level could be maintained.

关 键 词：军事潜水员 眼科疾病 患病率 

分 类 号：R845.29[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]