论侨民保护的特殊情势管辖权  

On the Special-Situation Jurisdiction for the Protection of Nationals Residing Abroad

作　　者：林灿铃[1] Lin Canling

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学,北京100088

出　　处：《政治与法律》2020年第10期96-107,共12页Political Science and Law

基　　金：中国政法大学科研创新年度规划项目“大气污染国家间协同治理机制研究”(项目编号:20ZFG82005)的研究成果;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

摘　　要：侨民保护既关系到国家形象,又是国家主权意识和国家能力的重要体现。对海外侨民实施强有力的全方位保护,是国家固有的权利,更是国家义不容辞的责任和义务。依据传统国际法之国家管辖权理论实施的侨民保护,已经不能满足当今情势下侨民保护的需要,难以充分有效地进行侨民保护和救助。发展中的国际法当为新形势下的客观需要提供坚实的理论基础和规范基础,通过发展和完善国家管辖权理论创设新的管辖权——特殊情势管辖权。特殊情势管辖权的法律属性是“国家主权管辖事项”,是国家主权形式意义上的表达,国家利用立法、司法、执法等形式对侨民进行救助是国家主权实质意义上的体现。在特殊情势下国家对侨民的保护与救助应该以“特殊情势管辖权”之“责任主体意识”规范行使其正当权力,采用循证的“全政府”方式来推动国家特殊情势管辖权的实施。The protection of nationals residing abroad is not only related to the country image,but also an important manifestation of national capabilities and awareness of national sovereignty.Meanwhile,the powerful and comprehensive protection of nationals residing overseas is an inherent national right and the inescapable national responsibility and duty.However,the theory of national jurisdiction in traditional international law could no longer fulfil the demands of protection of nationals residing abroad in current situation and is not sufficient in ensuring adequate protection and effective relief of nationals residing abroad.Therefore,the developing international law should provide a solid theoretical foundation for the objective demands under the new situation,and create a new type of jurisdiction,i.e.special-situation jurisdiction,through the development and improvement of the theory of national jurisdiction,to attune to the new development of human society.Meanwhile,the legal attribute of the special-situation jurisdiction should be regarded as a kind of national-sovereignty jurisdiction which is a formal expression of national sovereignty,and the assistance of national residing abroad by the country through legislation,justice,law enforcement and other means is a substantive manifestation of national sovereignty.Under special situations,concerning the protection and relief of nationals residing abroad exercised,the country should exercise its legitimate power with the"awareness of the responsible subject"of"the special-situation jurisdiction"and adopt the evidence-based"whole-of-government"method to promote the implementation of national special-situation jurisdiction.

关 键 词：国际法 侨民保护 国家管辖权 特殊情势 

分 类 号：DF937[政治法律—国际法学]