英汉隐喻型断定构式的句法语义特征及其理据性探索  

The syntactic and semantic features of English and Chinese metaphorical assertive construction and its motivations

作　　者：匡芳涛[1] 司卫国[1] Kuang Fangtao;Si Weiguo

机构地区：[1]西南大学外国语学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《外语教学》2020年第5期16-21,共6页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“认知语言学理论建设与汉语的认知研究”(项目编号:15ZDB099);中央高校基本科研业务费创新团队项目“认知语义学研究”(项目编号:SWU1709110);重庆市研究生科研项目“类型学视野下英汉存现动词与存现构式的语义互动研究”(项目编号:CYB19084)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：学界对断定构式“等同”和“归属”分类的依据是断定构式中主语和宾语所指称的内容,其缺陷是不能充分地说明隐喻型断定构式的句法语义特征。本文基于范畴化理论和构式语法,重新审视隐喻型断定构式的分类,并在此基础上探讨其句法语义特征及形成理据。具体而言,隐喻型断定构式可依据“是(be)”前后语段的语义关系分为“指定式”和“述谓式”两种类型。隐喻型断定构式继承了信息结构构式的特征,并以之为理据。“指定式”和“述谓式”隐喻型断定构式的信息结构突出地表现在“图形—背景”这一认知结构中。图形—背景的可逆性是造成“指定式”和“述谓式”隐喻型断定构式差异的关键因素。Traditionally,assertive construction are divided into two categories:“equative”and“attributive”.This dichotomy can’t describe the syntactic and semantic features of metaphorical assertive construction comprehensively.Under the guidance of the theory of Categorization and Construction Grammar,this paper reassesses the categorization of assertive construction and finds out its motivations.Specifically,according to the semantic relations between NP1 and NP2,metaphorical assertive constructions can be divided into two types:“specificational”and“predicational”.It is found that metaphorical assertive constructions inherit the characteristics of information structure constructions and are motivated by them.The information structure of“specificational”and“predicational”is highlighted in the cognitive structure of“figure-ground”.The reversibility of figure-ground is the critical factor that causes the differences between“specificational”and“predicational”metaphorical constructions.

关 键 词：隐喻型断定构式 句法语义 理据性 信息结构 图形—背景 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]