厌氧膜生物反应器处理有机废水研究进展  

Research progress of organic wastewater treatment with anaerobic membrane bioreactor

作　　者：陶冉 贾学斌[2,3] 马玉新 何国鹏[4] TAO Ran;JIA Xuebin;MA Yuxin;HE Guopeng(School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China;School of Civil Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China;Heilongjiang Rural Drinking Water Safety Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China;Huahui Engineering Design Group Co., Ltd., Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江大学建筑工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [3]黑龙江省村镇饮水安全工程技术研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [4]华汇工程设计集团股份有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《水利水电技术》2020年第10期130-140,共11页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2019E074)。

摘　　要：高浓度及工业企业难降解有机废水直接排放水体会严重危害环境安全和人类健康。结合膜生物反应器的使用,出现了将厌氧工艺和膜分离工艺结合在一起的新型废水处理技术——厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR),具有高效处理高浓度及工业有机废水能力。针对AnMBR高效处理有机废水相关问题,研究了影响反应器降解有机物效率的因素和反应器能量回收与利用的情况,并对膜污染问题进行了讨论,展望了AnMBR绿色生物处理技术的发展前景。结果表明,在生物降解过程中的胞外多聚物及一些可溶性微生物产物抵抗了对微生物的抑制作用,通过对膜材料的改性、调节混合液的性质以及采用动力学调控的方法可减缓膜污染。AnMBR可以有效地处理有机废水,但仍然面临着技术上和经济上的巨大挑战。将AnMBR与其他工艺结合处理一般生物处理法难以处理的人工合成的化学物质可产生可以回收利用的能源,提高AnMBR商业化的可行性;这为以后AnMBR的广泛应用提供了新思路。The direct discharge of high-concentration and refractory organic wastewater from industrial enterprises will seriously endanger environmental safety and human health.Combined with the use of membrane bioreactors,a new type of wastewater treatment technology that combines anaerobic and membrane separation processes has emerged-Anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR),which has the ability to efficiently treat high-concentration and industrial organic wastewater.Targeting at the problems related to the efficient treatment of the organic wastewater with AnMBR,the factors affecting the organic degradation efficiency of the bioreactor as well as the energy recovery and utilization of the bioreactor are studied herein,while the problem of membrane fouling is discussed and the developing trend of the AnMBR green biological treatment technology is prospected as well.The study result shows that the extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)and some soluble microbial products resist the microbial inhibition during the biodegradation process,and then the membrane fouling can be alleviated through modifying the membrane materials,adjusting the properties of the mixed solution and adopting dynamic regulation method.AnMBR can effectively treat the organic wastewater,but it is still faced with great technical and economic challenges.Combining AnMBR with the other relevant technologies for treating the artificial synthetic chemicals those are difficult to be treated with the conventional biological treatment methods can produce the energy that can be recycled and enhance the feasibility of the commercialization of AnMBR,which provides a new idea for the wide application of AnMBR in the days to come.

关 键 词：有机废水 厌氧膜生物反应器 厌氧工艺 膜污染 能量回收 影响因素 水环境保护 水污染治理 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]