油菜秸秆对5种杂草种子萌发和生长的化感效应  

Allelopathic Effect of Brassica napus Straw on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Five Weeds

作　　者：李淑英[1] 路献勇[1] 程福如[1] 马艳[2] 郑曙峰[1] 阚画春[1] 陈敏[1] 刘小玲[1] 徐道青[1] 王维[1] LI Shu-ying;LU Xian-yong;CHENG Fu-ru;MA Yan;ZHENG Shu-feng;KAN Hua-chun;CHEN Min;LIU Xiao-ling;XU Dao-qing;WANG Wei(Institute of Cotton Research,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science,Hefei 230001,China;Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Anyang 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所,安徽合肥230001 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳450001

出　　处：《杂草学报》2020年第2期33-42,共10页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2017YFD0201900);安徽省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(编号:2019YL034);安徽省油菜棉花产业技术体系项目(编号:AHCYJSTX-0406)。

摘　　要：为探索油菜(Brassica napus L.)秸秆在防治杂草方面的潜力,以马唐[Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.]、旱稗[Echinochloa hispidula(Retz.)Nees.]、马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)和醴肠(Eclipta prostrata(L.)L.]为受体,采用室内生物测定方法研究油菜秸秆不同部位水浸提液对5种杂草的化感作用。结果表明,与对照相比,250.0 g/L油菜叶和主茎水浸提液处理抑制马唐、反枝苋和醴肠的发芽率,延长它们的平均发芽时间;250.0 g/L油菜叶和主茎水浸提液处理降低马齿苋发芽率,对它的平均发芽时间没有明显影响;250.0 g/L油菜叶水浸提液处理对旱稗发芽率和平均发芽时间均没有显著影响,该浓度主茎水浸提液降低旱稗发芽率,延长旱稗的平均发芽时间;125.0 g/L根水浸提液处理抑制马唐、反枝苋和醴肠发芽率,延长它们的平均发芽时间,具化感抑制效应。250.0 g/L油菜叶、主茎水浸提液处理和125.0 g/L根水浸提液处理均抑制5种杂草的根长;15.6 g/L叶水浸提液处理对马唐和醴肠、15.6 g/L主茎水浸提液处理对反枝苋、7.8 g/L根水浸体液处理对反枝苋、旱稗的根生长有促进作用。不同浓度油菜根、主茎和叶水浸提液对5种杂草茎生长的化感作用存在差异。总体上看,油菜叶水浸提液对旱稗和醴肠的化感综合抑制效应较强;根水浸提液对醴肠的化感综合抑制作用较强。主茎水浸提液对醴肠和马齿苋的化感综合抑制效应较强。The potential of Brassica napus straw for weed control,was assessed in indoor bioassays by evaluating the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from different parts of the straw on 5 weeds,Digitaria sanguinalis,Echinochloa hispidula,Portulaca oleracea,Amaranthus retroflexus and Eclipta prostrata.The germination rate of D.sanguinalis,A.retroflexus and E.prostrata was inhibited and their mean germination time was prolonged by 250.0 g/L leaves and main stem aqueous extract of rape,compared with the control;germination rate of P.oleracea was also decreased but without significant effect on its average germination time.Germination rate and mean germination time of E.hispidula was not affected by 250.0 g/L aqueous extract of leaves,while 250.0 g/L aqueous extract of main stem decreased its germination rate and prolonged its mean germination time.Aqueous root extracts(125.0 g/L)decreased the germination rate and prolonged the mean germination time of D.sanguinalis,A.retroflexus,E.prostrata seeds.The root length of the five weeds was decreased by 250.0 g/L leaves and main stem aqueous extracts and 125.0 g/L root aqueous extract.The root growth of D.sanguinalis and E.prostrata were promoted by 15.6 g/L aqueous extract of leaves,that of A.retroflexus was promoted by 15.6 g/L aqueous extract of main stem,and that of E.hispidula and A.retroflexus was promoted by 7.8 g/L aqueous extract of roots.There were differences in allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of roots,main stems and leaves from B.napus at different concentrations on the five weeds.Overall,the strongest allelopathic inhibition was obtained with aqueous extract from leaves on E.hispidula and E.prostrata,from roots on E.prostrate,and from main stem on E.prostrate and P.oleracea.

关 键 词：油菜秸秆水浸提液 化感作用 发芽率 平均发芽时间 

分 类 号：S451.2[农业科学—植物保护]