路易斯·布兰代斯与美国犹太复国主义运动的勃兴  

Louis D.Brandeis and the Development of American Zionism

作　　者：薛永生 王耀明[2] XUE Yong-sheng;WANG Yao-ming(The College of Humanities,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,Shaanxi;The School of History and Civilization,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]长安大学人文学院,陕西西安710064 [2]陕西师范大学国有资产管理处,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第5期124-136,共13页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“彼岸—俄国犹太人移居美国研究(1881—1920)”(18FSS015)。

摘　　要：犹太复国主义运动是近代欧洲民族主义和反犹主义的产物。1881年后随着俄国犹太人移民美国,犹太复国主义运动在美国露出端倪,但由于犹太教改革派信仰的抗拒,其发展相当缓慢。路易斯·布兰代斯自1914年开始出面领导美国犹太复国主义运动,对美国犹太复国主义运动实施监管和改造,深度参与《贝尔福宣言》的制定与发布过程,使低谷中的世界犹太复国主义运动迎来重大转机。布兰代斯在短短4年时间内,不仅改变了美国犹太复国主义运动的走向,使之从第一次世界大战前一种边缘性的、小团体性质的运动发展成一种令人瞩目的社会政治运动,而且为美国日后成为犹太复国主义运动的核心支持力量奠定了基础,布兰代斯本人也成为美国犹太复国主义发展史上的一位关键性人物。Zionism was the result of nationalism and anti-Semitism in modern Europe.After 1881,with Russian Jews emigrating to America,Zionism was present in the country,but advanced very slowly because of the rejection of Reformist Judaism.From 1914,American Zionism was led by Louis D.Brandeis,who transformed and supervised the movement,and deeply engaged in the draft and promulgation of to the Balfour Declaration that pulled world-wide Zionism out of its slump.In just four years,Brandeis not only changed the direction of American Zionism and made a movement of marginal and small-group characteristics before the World WarⅠbecame a remarkable social-political one,but also provided the basis for America later firmly supporting Zionism.Meanwhile,Brandeis himself also became a key figure in the development of American Zionism.

关 键 词：犹太复国主义运动 路易斯·布兰代斯 《贝尔福宣言》 进步主义 美国精神 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]