深部开采过程中隔离矿柱承载机理及厚度优化  

Working Mechanism and Thickness Optimization of the Original Rock Isolating Pillars in Deep Mining

作　　者：王文军[1] 李家树 徐帅[3] 吴超[3] 于清军 Wang Wenjun;Li Jiashu;Xu Shuai;Wu Chao;Yu Qingjun(Gansu Jiu Steel Group Hongxing Iron and Steel Co Ltd,Jiayuguan 735100,China;Chengyuan Mining Development Co.,Ltd.,Liaoyang 111200,China;Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines,Shenyang 110819,China;Shandong Gold Group Hongling Non-ferrous Mining Co.,Ltd.,Chifeng 025450,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司,甘肃嘉峪关735100 [2]成远矿业开发股份有限公司,辽宁辽阳111200 [3]深部金属矿山安全开采教育部重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110819 [4]赤峰山金红岭有色矿业有限责任公司,内蒙古赤峰025450

出　　处：《金属矿山》2020年第8期38-43,共6页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51874068);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(编号:N160107001,N180701016)。

摘　　要：深部开采是未来矿产资源开采的必然趋势。深部开采过程中高地应力极易诱发岩爆、大变形、大体积塌方等工程灾害。浅部开采形成了大量采空区、甚至地表塌陷等严重影响着深部资源安全开采。以某铅锌矿浅部开采存在大量采空区、地表已经出现塌陷以及深部存在大量矿体为背景,提出在采空区下方预留原岩隔离矿柱来隔离浅部与深部开采,保证深部采矿方法转换,实现深部资源安全开采。借助理论分析、数值模拟,开展原岩矿柱厚度计算,结果表明25 m厚的原岩隔离矿柱满足安全需求。通过相似材料物理仿真实验和利用梯度加载的方式,实现原岩隔离矿柱作用机制分析,揭示了原岩隔离矿柱承载作用。研究成果可以为类似矿山深部矿体安全高效开采提供有益的借鉴。Deep mining is considered as an inevitable trend for the mining of mineral resources.Under the high ground stress during deep mining,it is probable to induce engineering disasters such as rock burst,large deformation and largescale landslide.Especially after long-term exploitation of shallow resources,many mined-out areas and even surface subsidence have been formed in the shallow areas,which seriously affect the safe exploitation of deep resources.Taking a lead-zinc mine in Inner Mongolia as a case,which has features of many mined-out areas in shallow areas,the collapse of the surface and the existence of many deep ore bodies,it is proposed to set an original rock isolating pillar below the gob to isolate shallow and deep mining,to realize the change of mining methods in deep mining process and to ensure the safe mining of deep resources.Based on both of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,the thickness of crown pillars is designed to be 25 m which can meet the safety requirements.Through the physical simulation experiments of similar materials,the gradient loading method is used to realize the mechanism analysis of the original rock isolation pillar and to demonstrate the bearing effect of the original rock isolation pillar.The research results can provide a beneficial reference for similar mines to achieve safe and efficient mining of deep ore bodies.

关 键 词：深部开采 原岩隔离矿柱 承载机理 厚度优化 

分 类 号：TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采]