基于微震技术的矿山地压活动监测及预警研究  

Study on Monitoring and Predicting of Mine Ground Pressure Activities Based on Microseismic Technology

作　　者：张尔辉 朱权洁[1] 缪华祥 高林生[1] 晁海杰 张震 Zhang Erhui;Zhu Quanjie;Miao Huaxiang;Gao Linsheng;Chao Haijie;Zhang Zhen(Safety Engineering College,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Beijing 101601,China;Beijing Jiuan Weiye Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100000,China;Hongshiwan Coal Mine,Ningxia Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan 750409,China)

机构地区：[1]华北科技学院安全工程学院,北京101601 [2]北京久安伟业科技有限公司,北京100000 [3]宁夏煤业红石湾煤矿有限责任公司,宁夏银川750409

出　　处：《金属矿山》2020年第8期172-181,共10页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51174016,51804119);贵州省科技计划项目(编号:黔科合重大专项字[2018]3003-1,[2018]3003-2);贵州省优秀青年科技人才培养计划项目(编号:黔科合平台人才[2019]5675)。

摘　　要：针对传统微震监测系统安装复杂、监测范围有限、定位精度低、处理速度慢等问题,利用一种新型的微震监测系统(KJ549微震监测系统)进行了矿山动力灾害(岩爆等)监测预警研究。以山东某金矿19中段(-590m)和20中段(-630 m)为例,结合深部地压活动现状与现场施工状况,在两个中段各布置了6个检波器,实现了对整个待采区的全范围、实时、连续监测。基于高精度微震定位,实现了对微震数据的多维度展示和统计分析。同时,结合试验现场地质与采掘活动情况,对潜在危险区域进行了圈定和危险等级划分,并提出了应对措施。研究表明:该矿受采掘、爆破、行车等采矿活动的影响,10号线西穿脉到34号线西穿脉范围内有4个高危险潜在区域,这些区域应作为重点关注区域,针对高危险潜在区域,应加强监测和现场巡查,及时发现问题、解决问题。研究成果为该矿解决了地压监测困难等实际生产问题,为矿山人员和设备提供了安全保障,并且验证了KJ549微震监测系统在矿山地压监测中的适用性,对于实现矿山动力灾害监测预警具有一定的参考价值。Aiming at the problems of complicated installation,limited monitoring range,low positioning accuracy and slow processing speed of the traditional microseismic monitoring system,a new type of microseismic monitoring system(KJ549 microseismic monitoring system)is used to realize the monitoring and warning of the mining power disasters(rockburst,etc.).Taking the 19th middle section(-590 m)and the 20th middle section(-630 m)of a gold mine in Shandong Province as an example,combined with the status quo of deep underground pressure activity and site construction,6 geophone are arranged in each of the two middle sections to realize full range,real-time and continuous monitoring of the entire mining area.Based on the high-precision microseismic positioning,the multi-dimensional display and statistical analysis of microseismic data are realized.Meanwhile,the potential hazardous areas are delineated and classified according to the geological and mining activities at the test site,and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward.The study results show that the gold mine is affected by mining,blasting,driving and other mining activities,and there are 4 potential areas of high risk from the west crossing vein of No.10 line to the west crossing vein of No.34 line.For the high-risk potential areas,it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and on-site inspection,and timely find and solve problems.The stduy results can solve the practical production problems such as the difficulty of monitoring the ground pressure and provide guarantee for the safety of mine personnel and equipment.The practicability of KJ549 microseismic monitoring system in mine ground pressure monitoring is verified.It is of certain reference significance to the monitoring and early warning of mine power disaster.

关 键 词：矿山动力灾害 微震 层析成像 震源函数 地压监测 灾害预警 

分 类 号：TD31[矿业工程—矿井建设] TD853