胡椒瘟病菌(Phytophthora capsici)孢子囊诱导及发育过程观察  

Sporangium Induction and Development Process Microscopy of Black Pepper Phytophthora Foot Rot Pathogen,Phytophthora capsici

作　　者：高圣风[1,2] 杨开虎 陆大倩 刘爱勤 苟亚峰[1,2] 孙世伟 王政[1,2] 孟倩倩 GAO Shengfeng;YANG Kaihu;LU Daqian;LIU Aiqin;GOU Yafeng;SUN Shiwei;WANG Zheng;MENG Qianqian(Spice and Beverage Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Wanning,Hainan 571533,China;Hainan Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops,Wanning,Hainan 571533,China;College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Pu’er,Yunnan 665000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁571533 [2]海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁571533 [3]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2020年第9期1870-1875,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.318MS096);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(No.1630142019015)。

摘　　要：孢子囊的产生和发育过程是研究胡椒瘟病菌(Phytophthora capsici)及其病害防控的重要基础。本研究分析不同诱导条件下胡椒瘟病菌孢子囊的产生情况,并通过光学显微镜和共聚焦显微镜观察孢子囊及其内部游动孢子的发育过程。结果发现:(1)3种诱导方法均能诱导出大量孢子囊,其中在V8-A平板上光照和抹伤双重诱导法获得的孢子囊数量最多,其次是在V8-A平板上光照诱导法,获得孢子囊数量最少的是V8液体光照诱导法,但仅差异最大的2个处理间达到显著水平;(2)显微镜观察发现,孢子囊由气生菌丝顶端逐步膨大形成,初始为近球形逐渐发育成倒洋梨形,孢子囊成熟后从顶端排出大量游动孢子,偶尔可见孢子囊顶端直接发育出芽管;(3)共聚焦显微镜观察发现,首先孢子囊内部原生质体被膜结构隔裂成大约数十个独立小格,然后在每个格子中积累数倍于细胞核的DNA,最后每份细胞核DNA发育成一个游动孢子。本研究从微观角度揭示P.capsici孢子囊发育外观及内部的形态特征,为胡椒瘟病菌后续致病机制研究和胡椒瘟病田间防控提供技术基础。Sporangium is an important basis for the Phytophthora foot rot disease control and the pathogen(Phytophthora capsici)research in black pepper,but the sporangium-inducing methods and the micro development processes have not been reported yet.Three sporangium-inducing methods were tested and the sporangia development processes were observed by light microscope and laser confocal microscope.Abundant sporangia could be detected by all the three methods.The most sporangia were obtained by the method of lighting and glass rod-plastering induction on V8-A plates,followed by the lighting induction on V8-A plates and lighting induction in V8 liquid.Under light microscope,sporangia initially formed at the top of the hypha with the shape of small sphere,and gradually formed into an inverted pear shape.When matured,the sporangia released a large number of zoospores from an apical pore.Interestingly,a few sporangia germinated directly and formed a germ tube.Under laser confocal microscope,the protoplast of a sporangium was separated into dozens of small cells by membrane structure at first,and then multiple nuclear DNA was accumulated in each cell,and finally the multinuclear cell developed into several mononuclear zoospores.The study revealed the morphological characteristics of the P.capsici sporangium development progress would provide sporangium-inducing methods for further pathogenic mechanisms research and field disease management.

关 键 词：胡椒瘟病 辣椒疫霉 孢子囊诱导 发育过程 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]