黄花菜小孢子发育时期与花器官形态的关系  

Relationship between Microspore Development Periods and Floral Organ Morphology in Daylily

作　　者：张琨 殷丽丽 韩志平 张巽 王一衡 ZHANG Kun;YIN Li-li;HAN Zhi-ping;ZHANG Xun;WANG Yi-heng(College of Life Science/Protected Agricultural Technology Development Center,Shanxi Datong University,Datong Shanxi 037009,China;Biotechnology Research Institute,Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大同大学生命科学学院/设施农业技术研发中心,山西大同037009 [2]天津市农业科学院生物技术研究所,天津300384

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2020年第4期482-487,共6页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划青年科技研究基金项目(201901D211426);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2019L0770);山西大同大学产教融合项目(2019CXK4)。

摘　　要：以3个品种黄花菜为材料,分析小孢子发育各时期细胞学特征与花器官形态的关系,为后续黄花菜游离小孢子培养取样时从花器官形态判断小孢子发育时期提供依据。试验结果表明:黄花菜小孢子沿雄配子发育途径经历的4个时期,即四分体时期、单核早中期、单核靠边期和双核期,各时期细胞核的数量、位置等细胞学特征明显。小孢子发育进程与花器官性状密切相关,花蕾纵径和花药长度在小孢子发育的4个时期均存在极显著差异,花药颜色经历白色-白绿色-绿色-浅黄色的变化;花蕾横径和花药宽度只在部分发育时期表现出显著差异,抑或在不同发育时期存在尺寸大小上的重叠。因此,花蕾纵径、花药长度和花药颜色适宜作为判断黄花菜小孢子发育时期的形态指标。供试黄花菜品种小孢子发育处于单核靠边期的花器官形态特征为:花蕾纵径10.03~10.45mm,花药长度5.30~5.62mm,花药颜色为绿色。The relationship between the cytological characteristics and floral organ morphology at different microspore development periods in three cultivars of daylily was investigated.It was expected that the microspore development periods could be directly identified from the morphological characteristics of floral organ,which would further provide evidences for microspore culture in daylily.The results showed that the microspore in daylily went through four development stages,which were tetrad stage,early or mid-uninucleate stage,late uninucleate stage and binucleate stage,respectively.Each stage had obvious cytological characteristics of the nucleus number and location.The microspore development process in daylily was closely related with the characteristics of floral organ.The bud longitudinal diameter and the anther length of the tested daylily showed extremely significant difference in different periods of microspore development.And anther color changed from white,white-green,green to light yellow in turn.The bud transverse diameter and the anther width showed significant difference only in part of microspore development periods,or there were overlapping sizes in different development periods.Therefore,the bud longitudinal diameter,the anther length and color were suitable as morphological indexes for determining the microspore development periods in daylily.The floral organ morphological characteristics at the late uninucleate stage in the tested daylily were as follows:the longitudinal diameter of the buds and the anther length ranges were 10.03-10.45 mm and 5.30-5.62 mm,respectively,and the anther color was green.

关 键 词：黄花菜 小孢子发育时期 花器官形态 

分 类 号：S644.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] Q943.1[农业科学—园艺学]