松软煤层“护孔卸压”钻进力学机制  

Mechanism of“hole-protecting and pressure relief”drilling in soft coal seam

作　　者：王永龙[1,2,4] 陆云飞 王振锋 孙玉宁[1,4] 刘春[3] 宋维宾 WANG Yonglong;LU Yunfei;WANG Zhenfeng;SUN Yuning;LIU Chun;SONG Weibin(School of Energy Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;IoT Perception Mine Research Center,China University of Mining & Technology,Xuzhou 221008,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院,河南焦作454000 [2]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]中国矿业大学物联网(感知矿山)研究中心,江苏徐州221008 [4]煤炭安全生产河南省协同创新中心,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2020年第9期3186-3194,共9页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41872188,U1704131);河南省自然科学基金资助项目(182300410126)。

摘　　要：为解决常规套管钻具应用软煤层钻进存在着钻进阻力大、效率低的技术难题,提出“护孔卸压”钻进新观点,建立护孔钻进旋转阻力矩模型、轴向阻力模型及护孔数值模型,分析常规套管钻具应用于软煤层钻进存在的技术缺陷,探讨“护孔卸压”钻进工艺方法实现卸压、降阻的力学机制。结果表明:受软弱煤岩层钻孔收缩产生的围压影响,应用常规套管钻具钻进,在较短的钻孔深度范围内其旋转阻力矩和轴向阻力超过了钻机的额定扭矩及提拔力,钻杆将无法旋转及退钻,致使钻进终止;通过在套管钻具表面设置间隙或孔结构,减小护孔钻杆与钻孔壁的接触面积,为钻孔孔壁留设变形空间,钻杆表面形成的“卸压区”释放了钻杆周围煤体膨胀应力,并且旋转的钻杆不断切除膨胀的煤体,降低了软煤钻孔膨胀变形对钻杆产生的摩擦阻力;提出护孔面积比Sk概念,用来表征钻杆表面孔隙留设面积大小,伴随Sk减小,其旋转阻力矩和轴向钻进阻力呈逐渐降低趋势,降低幅度可达50%以上,从而降低了钻机的动力损耗,有效提高松软煤层的钻孔深度。基于“护孔卸压”原理,构建了螺旋护孔钻杆模型和多孔结构护孔钻杆模型,在实际应用中,结合施工地点的煤岩力学参数,合理确定护孔面积比Sk是护孔卸压钻具结构优化设计的关键。There is high drilling drag and low drilling efficiency for the drilling using casing-pipe drilling tool in soft coal seam.A new drilling technology with dual functions of hole-protecting and pressure relief was proposed in this study.The mechanical models of rotation drag torque and axial drag were established con-sidering confining pressure pi surrounding borehole.In addition,the hole-protecting numerical model was established.The defects of casing-pipe drilling technology were analyzed,and the principles of pressure relief and drag reduction were studied on new drilling technology.Result shows that when the casing-pipe drill pipe is applied to the drilling operation in soft coal seam,the rotation drag torque and axial drag are more than the drill rig rating for the range of the shallower drilling depth,then the drill pipe can’t rotate and retreat,and the drilling will be terminated.By designing hole or space structure on the casing-pipe drill pipe surface to form a new hole-protecting drill pipe,it provides an advantage in deducing the contact area with borehole wall.A“pressure-released area”is formed on the surface of the drill pipe,which can effectively release the expansion stress of the coal around the drill pipe,and the rotating drill pipe continuously removes the expansion coal,thereby reducing the rotation drag of the drill pipe.The hole-protecting area ratio Sk is presented in this paper,and used to indicate the hole or space structure area on the drill pipe surface.The rotation drag torque and axial drag decrease by as much as 50%with the reduction of hole-protecting area ratio Sk.It is equivalent to reducing the power loss of the drilling rig and effectively increasing the drilling depth of the soft coal seam.Based on the research result,a spiral hole-protecting drill pipe model and porous structure hole-protecting drill pipe model were constructed.In practical applications,combined with the mechanical parameters of coal and rock at the construction site,a reasonable design of the hole-protecti

关 键 词：瓦斯抽采 松软煤层 煤层钻进 钻进阻力 护孔钻具 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]