塔里木盆地鹰山组致密碳酸盐岩地震岩石物理特征  

Seismic petrophysical properties of Yingshan-Formation tight carbonate rock in Tarim Basin

作　　者：王向荣[1] 李潮流[1] 邓继新[2] 潘建国[3] 李闯[3] 张尔华[4] 鞠林波[4] WANG Xiangrong;LI Chaoliu;DENG Jixin;PAN Jianguo;LI Chuang;ZHANG Erhua;JU Linbo(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 102249, China;College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;Northwest Branch of PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Lanzhou 730020, China;Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd, Daqing 163712, China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京102249 [2]成都理工大学地球物理学院,四川成都610059 [3]中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院,甘肃兰州730020 [4]大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,黑龙江大庆163712

出　　处：《大庆石油地质与开发》2020年第5期117-126,共10页Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“跨频段致密砂岩实验及解释模型”(41774136);国家科技重大专项“下古生界—前寒武系地球物理勘探关键技术研究”(2016ZX05004-003);中国石油天然气股份公司重大科技专项“塔东天然气成藏理论及勘探配套技术研究”(2016E-0204)。

摘　　要：塔里木盆地鹰山组海相碳酸盐岩储层地震岩石物理变化规律研究相对薄弱,不足以支撑地震勘探需要。通过利用微米CT和铸体薄片图像对塔里木盆地古城与哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系鹰三段致密碳酸盐岩样品进行了系统岩石结构与孔隙结构特征分析,并运用脉冲传输法与应力—应变法测量了样品超声波速度与地震频段速度,基于实验结果分析了深层致密碳酸盐岩样品岩石物理特征的变化规律。研究结果表明:碳酸盐岩样品物性与地震弹性性质整体变化规律受岩石孔隙结构特征影响,致使样品在孔隙度—渗透率、密度—速度以及孔隙度—速度变化关系上表现出明显非线性特征,而不能用简单统计模型表征;致密碳酸盐岩样品纵、横波速度关系可用简单的线性统计模型表征,在速度比上灰岩、灰质云岩、白云岩以及硅质云岩呈逐渐减小趋势,可利用速度比及其他含有横波信息的弹性参数进行岩性识别;样品在地震频段表现出明显的频散现象(5~200 Hz),微裂隙—溶蚀孔隙型样品、微裂隙型样品与溶蚀孔隙型样品在频散与衰减特征上存在明显差异,微裂隙—溶蚀孔隙型样品具有相对较强的频散与衰减特征。依据储层岩石地震弹性性质变化特征给出了深层致密碳酸盐岩岩性、储层类型以及孔隙流体识别与预测的岩石物理标准,为国内深层碳酸盐岩储层地震预测提供了可靠依据。The study on the changed law of the seismic petrophysics of Yingshan-Formation marine carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin is relatively weak,so it cannot meet the requirements of the seismic exploration.With the help of the nano-CT and the image of the cast thin section,the characteristic analyses on the systematic rock structure and the pore structure were conducted for Ordovician Member Ying-3 tight carbonate samples in Gucheng area and Halahatang area of Tarim Basin,and furthermore the ultrasonic velocity and seismic frequency band velocity of the samples were measured by means of pulse transporting method and stress-strain method.Based on the tested results,the changed law of the petrophysical characteristics of the deep tight carbonate samples was analyzed.The study achievements show that the overall changed laws of the physical properties of the carbonate samples and the seismic elastic properties are affected by the structural characteristics of the rock pore,resulting in obvious non-linear characteristics in the changed relationship between porosity and permeability,density and velocity as well as porosity and velocity of the samples,which cannot be characterized by the simple statistical model.For tight carbonate samples,P and S wave velocity relationship can be characterized by the simple linear statistical model,and the velocity ratios of the limestone,calcite dolomite,dolomite and siliceous dolomite are reduced gradually,therefore the lithologic identification can be engaged by the velocity ratios and other elastic parameters with the P-wave information.The apparent dispersion in the seismic frequency band(5~200 Hz)can be observed from the samples,and there are obvious differences in the characteristics of frequency dispersion and attenuation among the microfracture-dissolved pore type sample,the microfractured type sample and the dissolved type sample,in which the microfracture-dissolved pore type sample has relatively strong dispersion and attenuation characteristics.According to the changed charact

关 键 词：碳酸盐岩 孔隙结构 速度频散 塔里木盆地 鹰山组 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]