黄土高原淤地坝及其坝系试验研究进展  

Progress of Experimental Research on Check Dams and Its Dam System on Loess Plateau

作　　者：党维勤[1,2] 党恬敏 高璐媛 艾琦森 李小兵 田金梅[1,2] DANG Weiqin;DANG Tianmin;GAO Luyuan;AI Qisen;LI Xiaobing;TIAN Jinmei(Suide Experimental Station For Soil and Water Conservation,YRCC,Yulin 719000,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation&Ecological Restoration of the Loess Plateau,Yulin 719000,China;Upper and Middle Yellow River Bureau,YRCC,Xi’an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会绥德水土保持科学试验站,陕西榆林719000 [2]黄土高原水土保持与生态修复国家林业局重点实验室,陕西榆林719000 [3]黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《人民黄河》2020年第9期141-145,160,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41731289);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51879285);中国科学院学部咨询评议项目(2018-Z02-A-008);陕西省黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大课题(2019-02-07-03)。

摘　　要：修建淤地坝是黄土高原地区治理水土流失的一种行之有效的水土保持措施,为了使淤地坝在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展中发挥更大的作用,开展淤地坝及其坝系试验研究尤为重要。对淤地坝及其坝系试验研究的有关情况进行了系统梳理,以期为今后淤地坝建设和进一步开展相关研究等提供参考。20世纪50年代以来,有关水土保持科研单位、行业管理单位、高等院校等针对淤地坝建设开展了大量卓有成效的试验研究工作,可将已开展的试验研究分为单坝试验研究和坝系试验研究,在单坝研究方面开展了淤地坝设计防洪标准、工程结构、最优坝体断面、“水坠法”和定向爆破法等筑坝技术、坝体分期加高、拦泥减蚀作用测算、淤地坝分类及运行管理、坝地防洪保收、盐碱化防治、坝地综合利用模式等研究,在坝系研究方面开展了以骨干坝布局、规模及建坝顺序为重点的坝系优化规划技术研究、坝系相对稳定条件研究、坝系结构级联研究、坝系监测技术研究及坝系安全运行评价研究等。提出了淤地坝及其坝系研究的学科定位、研究体系及急需开展研究的重大课题:淤地坝及其坝系研究属多学科交叉的综合性应用学科,淤地坝及其坝系研究体系可以分为基础理论、技术和管理三方面,当前急需开展拦沙和减蚀机理研究、水毁机理研究、筑坝新材料和新技术研究、监测预警预报技术研究、淤地坝病险加固技术研究、坝系水资源利用研究等。The check dam is an effective measure for controlling the soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau.It is especially important to car⁃ry out the research on the check dam and its dam system in order to make the check dam play a better role in the ecological protection and high⁃quality development of the Yellow River Basin.The relevant researches on the check dam and its dam system were systematically re⁃viewed,with a view to providing reference for the studies and constructions of check dams in the future.Since the 1950s,fruitful experimen⁃tal researches on the construction of check dam were carried out by some research institutions,industry management units and universities relevant to the soil and water conservation,mainly including the single dam test and the dam systems test.The single dam research included the flood control standard for check dam design,engineering structure,optimal dam cross section,dam body heightening by stages,hydraulic filling method and directional blasting method,the calculation of mud retaining and erosion reducing effect,the classification and operation management of check dam,flood control and harvest protection dammed land,the prevention and control of salinization and the comprehen⁃sive utilization mode of dammed land.The dam system research included the dam system optimization and planning techniques focusing on the arrangement,scale and construction order for the key dams,the relatively stable condition for dam system,dam system cascade,dam system monitoring technology and dam system safety operation evaluation.The great issues on the subject orientations,research system and urgent re⁃search of check dam and its system were also put forward by these organizations.Research on the check dam and its system is a multidiscipli⁃nary and comprehensive application discipline.The system of check dam and its system can be divided into three aspects of basic theory,technology and management.At present,it is urgent to study the mechanism of sediment retention and erosion reduc

关 键 词：淤地坝 坝系 试验研究 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学] TV882.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]