黄河中游主要产沙区下垫面变化减沙作用评估  

Spatial⁃Temporal Features in Soil Erosion and Sediment Reduction Assessment of the Main Sediment Yield Areas in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：王玲玲[1] 左仲国[1] 肖培青[1] 董飞飞[1] 王昌高[1] 侯欣欣 WANG Lingling;ZUO Zhongguo;XIAO Peiqing;DONG Feifei;WANG Changgao;HOU Xinxin(Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loss Process and Control on the Loess Plateau of the Ministry of Water Resources,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2020年第9期146-150,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402402);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2020-24)。

摘　　要：2000年以来,黄河上中游干支流来沙量明显减少。为了揭示黄河中游主要产沙区土壤侵蚀特征和水土保持措施使下垫面变化的减蚀和减沙作用,基于GIS与RS技术,利用CSLE模型,定量分析了主要产沙区2000-2013年土壤侵蚀时空变异特征,并在多年平均降雨条件下,以1980年的下垫面为基准,评估了2000年、2005年、2010年、2013年下垫面变化的减沙效果。结果表明:2000年以来,在降雨侵蚀力变化不大的情况下,研究区土壤侵蚀强度呈下降趋势,但遇到强降雨年份,仍然可能产生较为剧烈的土壤侵蚀;土壤侵蚀强度与坡度坡长、降雨有较好的对应关系,研究区强烈及以上等级的土壤侵蚀主要分布在黄土丘陵沟壑区,风沙区和土石山区土壤侵蚀强度相对较低;在多年平均降雨条件下,与1980年相比,2000年、2005年、2010年、2013年水土保持措施使下垫面变化造成的减蚀量分别为1.22亿、1.95亿、3.29亿、3.45亿t,减蚀效果明显。Since 2000,the coming sediment from the tributaries and the main Yellow River has been decreased sharply.In order to reveal the characteristics of soil erosion in the main sediment yield areas in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,which is prone to serious soil ero⁃sion in the Loess Plateau and to assess the sediment reduction effect of underlying surface,the spatial⁃temporal dynamic features of the soil e⁃rosion of the study area from 2000 to 2013 were quantitatively studied by applying soil erosion model based on the remote sensing and geo⁃graphic information system technology.In addition,under the condition of multi⁃year average rainfall,the sediment reduction benefits of un⁃derlying surface changes in 2000,2005,2010 and 2013 were evaluated compared to the underlying surface in 1980.The results show that since 2000,the intensity of soil erosion in the study area has shown a downward trend.However,in case of heavy rainfall,severe soil erosion may still occur in the study area.The soil erosion intensity is affected by topography,rainstorm center and underlying surface.The erosion in⁃tensity of more than 5000 t/km2 is mainly distributed in the loess hilly and gully region.Under the condition of annual average rainfall,com⁃pared with 1980,the relative sediment reduction amounts in 2000,2005,2010 and 2013 are 122,195,329 and 345 million tons respective⁃ly.So,the erosion reduction effect is obvious under the change of underlying surface.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 下垫面变化 水土保持措施 减沙作用 主要产沙区 黄河中游 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] TV882.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]