2434例学龄前儿童视力筛查结果及视力异常影响因素分析  

Screening results of visual acuity and analysis of the influencing factors effecting abnormal visual acuity in 2,434 preschool-age children

作　　者：何坤夏 卢海燕[1] 黄惠瑶[1] HE Kun-xia;LU Hai-yan;HUANG Hui-yao

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区人民医院视光科,南宁市530021

出　　处：《护理实践与研究》2020年第18期7-9,共3页Nursing Practice and Research

摘　　要：目的探讨学龄前儿童视力筛查结果和视力异常的影响因素。方法2018年1月至2019年10月对2434名学龄前儿童进行裸眼视力和屈光检查,同时采用调查问卷对裸眼视力异常幼儿家长进行影响因素调查、分析。结果2434名幼儿中裸眼视力异常检出率30.57%,48~71个月幼儿组检出率42.55%,居学龄前儿童之首;屈光异常检出率为21.16%,36~47个月幼儿组检出率17.07%,是学龄前儿童检出率最低;48~71个月屈光异常中远视检出率18.81%,为屈光异常分布最高;看电视时间>60 min、玩手机时间>30 min、看电视距离<3 m、读写姿势不正确、用眼时采光差、持续用眼30 min后休息、持续用眼60 min后休息、不合理饮食、户外活动时间<2 h/d是学龄前儿童裸眼视力异常的独立危险因素。结论学龄前儿童视力异常发生率较高,影响因素较多,应注重学龄前儿童的视力筛查和用眼健康行为健康教育,促使儿童健康的用眼行为,以保证视力正常发育,减少视力异常的发生。Objective To explore the screening results of visual acuity and analysis of the influencing factors effecting abnormal visual acuity in preschool-age children.Methods To select 2,434 preschool-age children were examined for naked eye vision and refractive index from January 2018 to October 2019,at the same time,the parents of preschool-age children with abnormal naked eye vision were selected to investigate and analyze the influencing factors by using a questionnaire.Results Among 2,434 children,the detection rate of abnormal naked-eye vision was 30.57%,and the detection rate of 48-71 months old children was 42.55%,ranking first among preschool children.The detection rate of refractive abnormalities was 21.16%,the detection rate 36-47 months of children in the preschool-age group was 17.07%,which was the lowest among preschool children.The detection rate of hyperopia in 48-71 months of children was 18.81%,which was the highest distribution of refractive abnormalities.Watching TV time>60 min,playing with mobile phones time>30 min,distance of watching TV<3 m,incorrect reading and writing posture,inappropriate lighting when using eyes,without rest after continually using eyes over 30 min even 60 min,unreasonable dietary patterns,and outdoor activities time<2 h/d were the independent risk factors of abnormal naked eye vision in preschool children.Conclusion The incidence of abnormal vision in preschool children was relatively high,and there were many influencing factors.We should pay attention to preschool children's vision screening and health education on eye health behaviors for promoting healthy using eye behavior in children to ensure normal vision development and reduce the occurrence of abnormal vision.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 视力筛查 视力异常 影响因素 

分 类 号：R473.77[医药卫生—护理学]