南宋后期史弥远专权内情及其嬗变  

An inside story of Shi Miyuan’s dictatorship and its changes in the late Southern Song Dynasty

作　　者：小林晃 KOBAYASHI Akira

机构地区：[1]日本熊本大学大学院

出　　处：《国际社会科学杂志（中文版）》2020年第3期57-68,5,10,共14页International Social Science Journal（Chinese Edition）

摘　　要：以往言及史弥远专权的学者认为,嘉定二年(1209)史弥远掌握权力以后,他与道学派官僚之间一直处于对立关系,排挤了真德秀、魏了翁等人。但是,事实不是那样。史弥远上台之初,他实现稳定的政权运作。问题发生在嘉定十年开始的宋金战争之后。当时,负责前线军务的官员中,福建人、朱熹门生非常多,他们的失策与独断专行导致南宋在泗州之战中遭到失败。史弥远为了实现自己主导战争的体制,在前线派遣自己亲近人物掌握国防军务,将前线的重要信息整理、汇总到宰相之下。而且,他的姻亲和心腹陆续成为执政官。因此,福建、朱门系的士大夫受到了冷落,他们的不满酿成了理宗朝的政治斗争。The scholars analysing Shi Miyuan’s dictatorship in the past believed that Shi Miyuan(1164-1233)had been in some antagonistic relation with the bureaucrats from the Doctrine School of Neo-Confucianism(daoxuejia)since he took power in the second year(1209)of Jiading,and he pushed out such figures as Zhen Dexiu(1178-1235)and Wei Liaoweng(1178-1237).However,it was not the case.Shi had succeeded in stable operation of the regime in the early years after he took power.Troubles occurred after the war between the Song and Jin dynasties in the tenth year(1217)of Jiading.At that time,among the officials in charge of military affairs at the front line,many were from Fujian area and disciples of Zhu Xi(1130-1200),and their misjudges and arbitrary decisions resulted in the Southern Song’s fai lure in the Sizhou Battle.To establish a system in which he could be in command for the war,as Prime Minister,Shi sent his trusted followers to be in charge of defense and military affairs to collect important information from the frontline and report to him.Moreover,his in-laws and confidants were put on key posts.Therefore,the scholar-bureaucrats from Fujian and Zhu Xi’s disciples were left out,and their discontent lead to the political struggles in the time of Emperor Lizong(1224-1264).

关 键 词：史弥远 宋金战争 魏了翁 福建人 政权运作 真德秀 对立关系 信息整理 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]