益阳市矽尘及煤尘作业工人职业健康监护现状分析  

Analysis on current situation occupational health surveillance of workers exposed to silica dust and coal dust in Yiyang City

作　　者：谭聪 田娇[1] 张勇兵[1] TAN Cong;TIAN Jiao;ZHANG Yong-bing(Occupational Disease Control Department,Yiyang Center for Disease Control atid Prevention,Yiyang Hunan,413000,China)

机构地区：[1]益阳市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治科,湖南益阳413000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第15期2025-2027,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解益阳市粉尘作业工人职业健康状况,为预防尘肺病提供科学建议。方法收集2015—2019年益阳地区矽尘及煤尘作业工人在岗期间职业健康监护资料,并对其胸片检查结果进行统计分析。结果 5 802例矽尘及245例煤尘作业工人胸片尘肺样改变分别检出219及27例,检出率分别为3.77%和11.02%。5年间共报告矽肺165例,煤工尘肺193例。不同地区、性别、企业规模及行业不同年龄组及工龄组矽尘作业工人胸片尘肺样改变检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同年龄组、企业经济类型、企业规模及行业煤尘作业工人胸片尘肺样改变检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论益阳市煤尘作业工人职业健康检查率偏低,赫山区矽尘作业危害较大,煤尘及矽尘作业工人胸片尘肺样改变的高发特征有男性、40~59岁、采矿及小型企业,应对其职业健康状况进行重点监管。Objective To understand the occupational health status of workers exposed to dust in Yiyang City, provide scientific advice for the prevention of pneumoconiosis. Methods The occupational health monitoring data of workers exposed to silica dust and coal dust in Yiyang from 2015 to 2019 were collected, and the results of chest X-ray examination were statistically analyzed.Results Totally 219 cases and 27 cases of pneumoconiosis-like changes in chest radiograph were found in 5 802 workers exposed to silicon dust and 245 works coal dust, with detection rate of 3.77% and 11.02% respectively. A total of 165 cases of silicosis and 193 cases of coal worker pneumoconiosis had been reported during the past five years. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of pneumoconiosis-like changes in chest radiograph of workers exposed to silicon dust among different groups in regions, genders, enterprise sizes and industries, ages and working years(all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of pneumoconiosis-like changes in chest radiograph of workers exposed to coal dust among different groups in ages, economic types, enterprise size and industries(all P<0.05). Conclusion The rate of occupational health examination is relatively low among workers exposed to coal dust in Yiyang City. The harm of work exposed to silicon dust in Heshan District is serious. The high-incidence features of pneumoconiosis-like changes in chest radiograph of workers exposed to silicon dust and coal dust include men, 40-59 years of age, mining and small scale enterprises, and their occupational health status should be especially monitored.

关 键 词：煤尘 矽尘 尘肺样改变 职业健康监护 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]