乳腺癌患者重返工作的工作心理负荷及其影响因素研究  

Study on mental workload and its influencing factors in breast cancer patients returned to work

作　　者：郭萍利[1] 葛冠群[1] 马晓霞[1] GUO Ping-li;GE Guan-qun;MA Xiao-xia(Department of Breast Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiootong Universilty,Xi'an Shannxi,710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第一附属医院乳腺外科,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第15期2065-2069,2073,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81402200)。

摘　　要：目的探讨乳腺癌患者重返工作的工作心理负荷现状及其影响因素。方法使用方便抽样,选取2018年2—12月在西安交通大学第一附属医院门诊复查和参加病友联谊会的433例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象。使用基本资料调查表、任务负荷指数量表、领悟社会支持量表和记忆症状评估量表简表收集资料。结果乳腺癌患者重返工作的工作心理负荷得分为54.68±11.19,领悟社会支持得分为56.74±10.12,总体困扰指数为28.43±7.22。多元线性回归结果显示,总体困扰指数、病休时间、领悟社会支持、锻炼情况和年龄可影响乳腺癌患者重返工作的工作心理负荷,且可解释总变异的52.9%。结论临床医务工作者应关注乳腺癌患者重返工作的心理负荷状况,尤其是年龄较大的患者,提高患者对乳腺癌症状群的认识,鼓励患者每天适度锻炼,调动社会支持系统,以降低其工作期间的心理负荷水平,提高生活质量。Objective To explore the mental workload and its influencing factors in breast cancer patients who had returned to work. Methods There were 433 breast cancer patients collected from the outpatient review and patients’ association in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between February and December 2018 by convenience sampling. The basic data questionnaire, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index, Perceived Social Support Scale and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form were used to collect data. Results The score of mental workload, perceived social support and global distress index of breast cancer patients returned to work were 54.68 ±11.19, 56.74 ±10.12 and 28.43 ±7.22,respectively. The results of multiple linear regression showed that the global distress index, rest time, perceived social support,exercise and age could affect the mental workload in breast cancer patients returned to work, which could explain 52.9% of the total variation. Conclusion Medical professionals should pay attention to the mental workload of breast cancer patients who return to work, especially for the older patients, improve their awareness of breast cancer symptom groups, encourage them to exercise moderately everyday, mobilize their social support system, so as to reduce their mental workload level during work, and improve their quality of life.

关 键 词：重返工作 乳腺癌 工作心理负荷 影响因素 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]