2013—2018年南宁市麻疹流行病学特征分析及防控策略  

Epidemiological characteristics of measles and prevention and control strategy in Nanning City from 2013 to 2018

作　　者：梁灵芝[1] 陆明领 黄昌[1] 农初师[1] 黄文胜[1] 甘文烨[1] 唐金芳[1] LIANG Lingshi;LU Ming-ling;HUANG Chang;NONG Chu-shi;HUANG Wen-sheng;GAN Wen-ye;TANG Jin-fang(Department of Immunisation Planning,Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning Guangui,530028,China;Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prerention,Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning Guangui,530028,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,广西南宁530028 [2]南宁市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科,广西南宁530028

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第15期2070-2073,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20201482)。

摘　　要：目的分析2013―2018年南宁市麻疹病例的流行病学特征,为今后麻疹防控策略提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析2013―2018年南宁市麻疹疫情监测资料。结果 2013―2018年南宁市共报告1 846例麻疹病例,年平均发病率为4.14/10万;发病主要集中在4―8月;2014年发病数最多,为1 630例(88.30%);各县区发病率比较,城区发病高于县区(χ~2=1 574.10,P<0.05);年龄主要分布在0~7月龄儿童和≥15岁人群,呈典型的"双峰分布";不同年份、本地与流动人口的免疫史比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);各年龄组患者的就诊史比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论南宁市麻疹疫情除2014年高发外,其他年份发病基本控制在低发水平。0~7月龄儿童和≥15岁人群及流动人口为防控的重点人群。做好适龄儿童预防接种的同时,应做好育龄妇女等成人麻疹疫苗的强化免疫工作,加强流动人口预防接种管理及防止医院感染是麻疹防控的有效措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Nanning City from 2013 to 2018, provide reference for future measles prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the surveillance data of measles epidemic in Nanning City from 2013 to 2018. Results A total of 1 846 measles cases were reported in Nanning City from 2013 to 2018, and the average annual incidence was 4.14/lakh. The cases mainly occurred April to August. The incidence was highest in 2014, accounting for 88.30%(1 630 cases) of the total cases. Comparison of measks incdence in different countries, and the incidence in urban areas was higher than that in counties (χ~2=1 574.10, P<0.05).The age distribution was mainly in 0-7 months age and ≥15 years old age, showing a typical "bimodal distribution". The differences in immunological history were statistically significant among different years, as well as between local and floating population(both P <0.05). The difference in medical history of patients in different age groups was statistically significant(P <0.05). Conclusion In Nanjing City, the incidence of measles is basically controlled at a low level esecept for the high incidence of measks in 2014. Children aged 0-7 months, people ≥15 years old and floating population are the key populations for prevention and control. While completing the proper vaccination for school-age children, improving the supplementary immunization of measles vaccines for women of childbearing age and other adults, and strengthening the vaccination management of floating population and preventing nosocomial infections are effective measures for measles prevention and control.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学特征 防控策略 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学]