2014—2018年北京市海淀区农村自备井水质卫生状况  

Hygienic status of self-drilled well water in rural areas of Haidian District in Beijing from 2014 to 2018

作　　者：陈海平[1] 胡咏梅 刘雪莹[1] CHEN Hai-ping;HU Yong-mei;LIU Xue-ying(Department of Enrironment Monitoring,Haidian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心环境监测科,北京100094

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第15期2132-2135,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：北京市海淀区预防医学会资助课题(2017HDPMA02)。

摘　　要：目的了解2014—2018年北京市海淀区农村自备井水质卫生状况,为加强自备井的卫生监督管理提供依据。方法对2014—2018年北京市海淀区自备井水质检测结果进行汇总分析。结果 2014—2018年共检测水样1 437份,合格1 202份,合格率为83.6%。各年合格率分别为86.4%、76.9%、84.6%、84.8%和86.7%,2015—2018年不同年份合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.957,P<0.01)。感官性状和一般化学指标总合格率为93.5%,毒理学指标总合格率为96.2%;微生物指标总合格率为92.6%,3种类型指标合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=19.082,P<0.01)。不合格指标主要为总硬度、氟化物、硝酸盐,菌落总数和大肠菌群,合格率分别为95.1%、98.3%、98.4%、93.9%和97.7%。结论北京市海淀区农村自备井水质卫生状况尚可,须针对水质不合格指标加装相应的水处理设备,建议卫生监督部门加强对自备井的日常性监督,以保障农村自备井水的卫生安全。Objective To understand the water quality of self-drilled wells in rural areas of Haidian District in Beijing, and provide evidence for strengthening the hygienic supervision and management of self-drilled wells. Methods The water quality test results of self-drilled wells in Haidian District from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. Results A total of 1 437 water samples were tested from 2014 to 2018, 1 202 were qualified, with a qualified rate of 83.6%. The annual qualified rate was 86.4%, 76.9%,84.8%, 84.5% and 86.7%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=12.957, P<0.01). The total qualified rate of sensory traits and general chemical indexes was 93.5%, and that of toxicology indexes was 96.2% as well as microorganism index was 92.6%. The difference of three indexes was statistically significant(χ~2= 19. 082, P < 0. 05). The main unqualified indicators were mainly total hardness, fluoride, nitrate, total number of colonies and coliforms, and the qualified rates of each indicator were95.1%, 98.3%, 98.4%, 93.9% and 97.7%, respectively. Conclusion The water quality of the self-drilled wells in Haidian District is acceptable. Corresponding water treatment equipment should be installed for unqualified water quality indicators. It is necessary to strengthen the routine supervision of self-drilled wells to ensure the sanitation and safety of the self-drilled well water in rural areas.

关 键 词：自备井 水质 卫生调查 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]