复合益生菌对锦鲤性腺脂肪酸组成、繁殖力及仔鱼成活率的影响  

Effects of complex probiotics on fatty acid composition of gonad,fecundity and survival rate of larvae in koi carp Cyprinus carpio

作　　者：史东杰[1] 胡金有[2] 李文通[1] 姜巨峰[3] 朱华[1] 王赛赛 陈晓璇 张欣[1] SHI Dongjie;HU Jinyou;LI Wentong;JIANG Jufeng;ZHU Hua;WANG Saisai;CHEN Xiaoxuan;ZHANG Xin(National Engineering Research Center for Freshwater Fisheries, Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing 100068, China;China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;Tianjin Ornamental Fish Technology and Engineering Centre, Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin 300221, China;College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300380, China)

机构地区：[1]北京市水产科学研究所暨国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心,北京100068 [2]中国农业大学,北京100083 [3]天津市水产研究所暨天津市观赏鱼技术工程中心,天津300221 [4]天津农学院水产学院,天津300380

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2020年第5期680-685,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：北京市财政局、北京市农业农村局“观赏鱼产业技术体系北京市创新团队建设专项资金”(BAIC03);北京市农林科学院“北京淡水鱼种质资源保存”项目(KJCX20170101);农业农村部“华北都市农业重点实验室2020年度建设专项课题(PT2020-08)”;北京市农林科学院“渔业生物技术北京市重点实验室2020年度建设专项课题(PT2020-19)”。

摘　　要：为研究复合益生菌对锦鲤Cyprinus carpio L.性腺脂肪酸组成、繁殖力和仔鱼成活率的影响,选择品种特征明显的3龄红白锦鲤雌雄亲鱼各300尾[雌鱼(2649.0±257.5)g,雄鱼(2349.0±283.9)g],分别投喂含有4种不同比例的枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis、丁酸梭菌Clostridium butyricum和粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis复合益生菌饲料,即A组(枯草芽孢杆菌、丁酸梭菌、粪肠球菌菌数比例为1∶1∶1)、B组(1∶1∶5)、C组(2∶3∶3)、D组(4∶2∶3)、E组(对照组,不含复合益生菌),养殖周期为90 d。结果表明:各益生菌组雌鱼性腺中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、C18∶1n-9、C18∶2n-6及C18∶3n-3等含量均高于对照组,其中B组含量最高,且B组多不饱和脂肪酸总量、EPA、DHA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各益生菌组雌鱼性成熟系数、绝对繁殖力和体质量相对繁殖力均高于对照组,仅B组与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05),而各组雄鱼性成熟系数无显著性差异(P>0.05);雌、雄亲鱼配组后,各益生菌组雌鱼产卵量、受精率、孵化率和各时期仔鱼的存活率均高于对照组,其中B组各项指标均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,复合益生菌饲料能显著促进锦鲤的性腺发育,增强雌鱼的繁殖性能和仔鱼成活率,其中枯草芽孢杆菌、丁酸梭菌和粪肠球菌的比例为1∶1∶5(B组)时效果最好。Broodstocks of 3 years old red and white koi carp Cyprinus carpio with body weight of[female fish(2649.0±257.5)g,male fish(2349.0±283.9)g]were reared in a 3.2 m×1.8 m×1.5 m circulating aquaculture pond and fed basic diet(group E,control group)and the basic diets containing Bacillus subtilis,Clostridium butyricum,and Enterococcus faecalis at proportions of 1∶1∶1(group A),1∶1∶5(group B),2∶3∶3(group C),and 4∶2∶3(group D)at water temperature of(24±2)℃for 90 d to probe for the effects of complex probiotics on fatty acid composition of the gonad,fecundity and larvae survival rate.The results showed that there were higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids,polyunsaturated fatty acids,C18:1n-9,C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 in the female fish fed the diets containing the complex probiotics than those in the fish fed the control diet,the maximal values in group B,significantly higher content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids,EPA and DHA in group B than those in the control group(P<0.05).The female fish fed the diets containing the complex probiotics had higher gondal-somatic index,absolute fecundity,and relative fecundity in body weight than the female fish fed the control diet did,significant differences only between the group B and the control group(P<0.05),and without significant difference in gonadal-somatic index among groups(P>0.05).There were higher fecundity,fertilization rate,hatching rate,and survival rate of larvae in the spawners fed the diets containing probiotics than those in the control group,the indices above being significantly higher in group B than those in the control group(P<0.05).The findings indicated that the compound probiotic diet significantly promoted the gonadal development of koi carp,the reproductive performance of females and the survival rate of larvae,with the optimal ratio of 1∶1∶5=Bacillus subtilis∶Clostridium butyrate∶Enterococcus faecalis.

关 键 词：锦鲤 益生菌 繁殖性能 脂肪酸 仔鱼 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]