重塑边疆:鸭绿江右岸的林木采伐、森林交涉与边疆秩序  

Reinventing the frontier:Forestry development,negotiations,and frontier order on the right bank of the Yalu River

作　　者：池翔 CHI Xiang(Institute of Modern History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第5期267-278,共12页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：17世纪以来,清朝统治者在封禁政策和中朝宗藩关系的影响下,在柳条边和鸭绿江之间保留了大量的森林地带。保留森林区域的目的之一是通过隔离鸭绿江两岸的居民往来以维持一个中朝间的缓冲区,展现清朝“柔远之仁”。然而,19世纪末,东北成为了全球势力交锋和竞争的场所。在沙俄的压力和国内饥荒的困扰下,清政府实施了一系列新的政策,鼓励移民,并开放鸭绿江森林用于商业伐木。与此同时,日本为了应对国内的马尔萨斯陷阱,将朝鲜半岛和清朝的东北视作扩张目标。日本在甲午中日战争和日俄战争中的胜利,不仅巩固了其在东北亚的地位,也为其对鸭绿江森林的军事控制和资源管理铺平了道路。随着1908年中日鸭绿江采木公司的成立,日本在中朝边境的林业发展中发挥的影响日益明显。本文以日俄战争前后鸭绿江右岸森林为例,着重考察林业发展过程中的森林消长与边疆形态的关联,试从森林的视角重审东北边疆近代化的过程,讨论有关森林的商业、交涉与冲突如何内化为劳资纠纷,并重塑边疆森林秩序的一段历史。Since the 17th century,the rulers of the Qing Dynasty,influenced by the closing-off policy and the Qing-Chǒsn tributary relationship,have preserved a large area of forested land between the Willow Side and the Yalu River.One of the purposes of preserving the forest area was to maintain a buffer zone by isolating the residents on both sides of the Yalu River,thus demonstrating the Qing emperor’s benevolence.However,in the late 19th century,Northeast China became the site of global rivalries and competition.Under pressure from Tsarist Russia and plagued by internal famine,the Qing government resorted to a series of new policies to encourage immigration and open the Yalu River forest for commercial logging.Meanwhile,to deal with the Malthusian trap in Japan,it regarded the Korean Peninsula and the northeast of the Qing Dynasty as expansion targets.Japan’s victories in the Sino-Japanese War(1894-1895)and the Russo-Japanese War(1904-1905)consolidated its position in Northeast Asia and paved the way for its military control and resource management in the forests of the Yalu River.With the establishment of the Sino-Japanese Yalu River Logging Company in 1908,Japan took control of forestry development on the Sino-Korean border.This paper focuses on the relationship between forest development and frontier formation.It attempts to re-examine the process of modernization of the northeast frontier from a forest perspective,discussing how forest-related commerce,negotiation,and conflict have been internalized into labor disputes and thus reshapes the history of forest boundaries.

关 键 词：鸭绿江森林 货栈 木把 漂流木 

分 类 号：K291/297[历史地理—历史学]