虚拟现实技术在绿色基础设施健康效益评估中的应用  

Human Health Assessments of Green Infrastructure Designs Using Virtual Reality

作　　者：  姜珊  翁羽西(译) 袁帅(译) Matthew Browning;Pongsakorn Suppakittpaisarn;JIANG Shan;Anjali Joseph;WENG Yuxi;YUAN Shuai(the Virtual Reality and Nature Center,Recreation and Tourism Management at Clemson University;the Landscape Design and Environmental Management Studio,Faculty of Agriculture,Chiang Mai University;the School of Design and Community Development,Davis College of Agriculture,Natural Resources and Design,West Virginia University;the Center for Health Facilities Design and Testing,Clemson University;at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University;Clemson University)

机构地区：[1]克莱姆森大学虚拟现实和自然中心 [2]清迈大学农业学院景观设计与环境管理工作室 [3]西弗吉尼亚大学戴维斯农业、自然资源与设计学院设计与社区发展系 [4]克莱姆森大学医疗设施设计和测试中心 [5]福建农林大学 [6]克莱姆森大学

出　　处：《风景园林》2020年第9期35-49,共15页Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：快速的城市化进程在不经意间将人类与自然环境割裂开来。因此所带来的日益严重的城市污染和人们进行户外活动的局限性,对人的身心健康和认知都产生了影响。城市规划师可以通过绿色基础设施营建来降低城市化带来的负面影响,如自然式公园、生态滤沟、植物墙和行道树等。然而,哪些绿色基础设施要素能否用于改善人们的健康福祉仍不十分明确。研究人员在绿色基础设施健康效益研究中引入虚拟现实技术(VR),为循证设计提供科学可靠的依据。VR技术仅需要较低的成本和专业技术。受试者佩戴仪器进入沉浸式虚拟世界,过程中同步采集心理和生理指标,用于预测不同自然场景对健康和认知功能的长期影响。通过对VR系统、内容创作、实验设计、健康指标测量和安全注意事项的方法论进行概述,使读者了解VR技术如何用于研究,并作为一种替代治疗的手段,用于改善绿色基础设施的健康福祉,为VR技术的研究应用提供理论与实践基础。Rapid urbanization inadvertently separates people from the natural landscapes in which we evolved.This disconnect can impact human health and cognitive functioning by exposing people to increased levels of pollution and limiting people’s opportunities for physical activity.Built environment researchers may prevent the negative effects of urbanization through studying and providing empiricalbased recommendations for green infrastructure,such as nature parks,bioswales,green walls,and street trees.Determining which infrastructure elements improve health and wellbeing for their clients and future users is challenging.However,researchers can use virtual reality(VR)to compare the benefits of different infrastructure elements to inform design interventions.VR can require relatively little cost and technical expertise.Users are transported into immersive virtual worlds where their psychological and physiological responses can be collected to predict the long-term health and cognitive functioning impacts of each design option.In the current essay,we provide a methodological overview of VR systems,content creation,study design,health outcome measurement,and safety recommendations.Our goal is to provide the reader with an understanding of how VR may be employed as a research and therapeutic tool for improving health outcomes related to green infrastructure as well as to provide an elementary set of tools and knowledge to use VR in their research.

关 键 词：风景园林 绿色空间 建成环境 仿真模拟 公共健康 环境心理学 沉浸式虚拟环境 实验研究 

分 类 号：TP391.98[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TU985.3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]