可控震源地震数据中谐波噪声能量的快速估计方法  

Automatic estimation of harmonic noise energy in vibroseis slip-sweep seismic data

作　　者：娄兵 陈建友 黄坚 程志国 李晓峰 张蓉 LOU Bing;CHEN Jianyou;HUANG Jian;CHENG Zhiguo;LI Xiaofeng;ZHANG Rong(Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development of Xinjiang Oilfield Company,PetroChina Co Ltd.,Karamay 834000,China;Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center,Jiuquan 732750,China;School of Information and Communication Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China;Institute of Geophysics,Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development of Xinjiang Oilfield Company,PetroChina Co Ltd.,Urumqi 830013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油新疆油田勘探开发研究院,新疆克拉玛依834000 [2]酒泉卫星发射中心,甘肃酒泉732750 [3]西安交通大学电子与信息学部,陕西西安710049 [4]中国石油新疆油田勘探开发研究院地球物理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830013

出　　处：《石油物探》2020年第5期768-776,共9页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41774135,41974131);国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFB0202902)共同资助。

摘　　要：基于谐波噪声主要能量集中在高频端的特点,提出了一种能够快速估计相关后地震数据中谐波噪声能量强弱的方法,该方法被称为谐波噪声振幅谱比值衡量方法。首先将单道地震数据从时间域变换到频率域,然后基于震源力信号起始低频值及相关后数据长度确定高、低频分界点,最后计算分界点以上的高频带能量与总频带能量之间的比值,即振幅谱比值,进而估计谐波噪声能量强弱。振幅谱比值可用于谐波噪声压制算法中的参数选择,实现谐波噪声的自适应压制。模型数据与实际数据的实验结果表明,谐波噪声能量越强,振幅谱比值越大,验证了所提方法的有效性,而且具有很高的计算效率。In this paper,a method was proposed to automatically estimate the harmonic noise energy based on the assumption that this energy is mostly associated with high frequencies.First,the seismic data in the time domain were transformed into the frequency domain.Then,the cutoff points of the high and low frequencies were determined based on the initial low frequency of the ground force and the dataset after cross-correlation.Finally,the ratio between the energy of the high-frequency band(above the cutoff point)and the total energy at any frequency,namely the amplitude spectrum ratio,was calculated to estimate the energy of the harmonic noise.The method,moreover,is characterized by high computational efficiency.The amplitude spectrum ratio can be used to select the appropriate value of the parameter of the harmonic noise suppression algorithm,resulting in a self-adaptive suppression of the harmonic noise.Tests on synthetic and field seismic data demonstrated that higher harmonic noise energies are associated with higher amplitude spectrum ratios,thereby verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关 键 词：可控震源 滑动扫描 谐波噪声 强度 振幅谱比值 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]