不同山药品种植株形态和田间抗病性的对比研究  

Comparative Study on Plant Morphology and Field Disease Resistance of Different Yam Varieties

作　　者：姚甜甜 舒锐[1] 李晓龙 孙亚玲 许念芳[1] 宋计平 宋中喜 刘少军[1] YAO Tian-tian;SHU Rui;LI Xiao-long;SUN Ya-ling;XU Nian-fang;SONG Ji-ping;SONG Zhong-xi;LIU Shao-jun(Research Institute of Light Industry and Agricultural Materials of Shandong Province,Gaomi,Shandong 261500,China;Changle Plant Protection Station,Changle,Shandong 262408,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省轻工农副原料研究所,山东高密261500 [2]山东省昌乐县农业农村局植物保护站,山东昌乐262408

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2020年第3期249-252,共4页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：山东省潍坊市科技发展计划项目(2019ZJ1085)。

摘　　要：【目的】为解决生产上大和长芋山药品种退化的问题,且减少化学药剂对环境造成的污染。【方法】经过多年选育出山药新品种潍农佳长1号和DT山药,将两个新品种山药与普通大和长芋一起种植在大田中,在整个生长期观察3个山药品种地上部分的形态特征,并测量茎粗、叶长、叶宽和叶柄长,调查斑纹病发生情况并进行对比。【结果】潍农佳长1号的茎最粗、叶长最长、叶宽最宽,分别为0.49,7.24,6.20 cm;DT山药的叶柄长最长,达3.72 cm。潍农佳长1号在调查前期的病情指数比DT山药高,但调查后期潍农佳长1号的病情指数最低,普通大和长芋山药在整个调查过程中的病情指数都是最高的,因此潍农佳长1号和DT山药在大田中表现对斑纹病的抗性比较强,普通大和长芋山药对斑纹病的抗性比较弱。【意义】选育的新品种潍农佳长1号对优化潍坊的山药品种有增强抗病性等重要的意义。[Purposes]The study was conducted in order to solve the problem of degeneration of Dahechangyu Yam Variety in its production and reduce the environmental pollution caused by chemical agents.[Methods]Two newly-bred yam varieties,Weinong No.1 and DT yam,were planted together with the common yam variety Dahechangyu in the field.The morphological characteristics of the above ground parts of the three yam varieties were observed during the whole growth period,and the stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width and petiole length were measured,and the occurrence of Cylindrosporium leaf spots was investigated and compared.[Findings]The results showed that:Weinong No.1 had the thickest stem,the longest leaf length and the widest leaf width,which were 0.49 cm,7.24 cm and 6.20 cm,respectively;DT yam had the longest petiole length of 3.72 cm.The disease index of Weinong No.1 was higher than that of DT in the early stage of the investigation,but the disease index of Weinong No.1 was the lowest in the late stage of the investigation,and the disease index of the common Dahechangyu yam was the highest in the whole investigation process.Therefore,Weinong No.1 and DT showed strong resistance to Cylindrosporium leaf spots in the field,while the common Dahechangyu yam showed weak resistance to Cylindrosporium leaf spots.[Significances]The new varieties bred in our institute was of great significance to the optimization of Yam Varieties in Weifang.

关 键 词：山药 形态特征 斑纹病 病情指数 

分 类 号：S435.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]