不同因素对早熟陆地棉离体胚成苗的影响  

Effects of Different Factors on Early-maturing Upland Cotton Excised Embryos into Seedlings

作　　者：李春平[1] 赖成霞[1] 徐海江[1] 张建国 玛依拉·玉素音 张大伟[1] 魏鑫[1] 刘忠山[1] LI Chunping;LAI Chengxia;XU Haijiang;ZHANG Jianguo;Mayila Yusuyin;ZHANG Dawei;WEI xin;LIU Zhongshan(Research Institute of Economic Crops of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;Xinjiang Fine Varieties Breeding Base in Hainan, Urumqi 830006, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆海南良种繁育基地,乌鲁木齐830006

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第9期1596-1603,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费(KY2019003)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同因素处理对早熟陆地棉离体胚成苗的影响,筛选出离体胚成苗的关键因素及适宜组合,为开展棉花离体胚成苗规模化培养提供理论依据。【方法】棉花第2、3果枝开花当日进行挂牌并登记开花日期,当胚龄达到15、20、25、30和35 d分别摘取棉铃进行离体胚的培养。分析胚的成苗率、成苗时间和根系等发育特点,研究适宜的简化培养条件。【结果】不同培养基中,MS成苗率最高,其次为普通水和蒸馏水;随着胚龄增大,成苗率逐渐增加;胚龄为35 d时,3种培养基成苗率之间差异不显著。不同胚龄中,35 d胚龄的成苗率最高,成苗时间最短。在胚龄35 d时,30℃有利于缩短成苗时间、促进根系发育,为适宜的培养温度;光照24 h有利于缩短成苗时间,但时间过长不利于根系发育。【结论】培养基、胚龄、温度和光照时间是影响棉花离体胚成苗的关键因素,高胚龄、适宜温度和光照时间有利于离体胚的成苗和根系发育。在胚龄35 d、温度30℃、光照时间24 h的培养条件下,离体胚的水培成苗效果好,可作为早熟陆地棉离体胚成苗培养的适宜条件。【Objective】In vitro embryo culture can effectively shorten the time of crop breeding,especially in the generation-adding technique of cotton breeding,which has important application potential.This project aims to study the effects of different factors on seedling formation of cotton excised embryos,and explore the combination of key factors in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the large-scale cultivation of cotton excised embryo.【Method】The effects of culture mediums,embryo ages,temperatures and illumination times on cotton embryo seedling formation were studied to analyze embryo seedling rate,seedling time and the development characteristics of root,in order to make clear the suitable and simplified cultivation conditions.【Result】Among different culture media,MS(Murashige and Skoog)medium had the highest seedling rate,followed by tap water and distilled water.With the increase of embryo age,the seedling rate increased gradually;when the embryo age was 35 d(day),there was no significant difference among the three culture medium.Among different embryo ages,the seedling rate of 35 d was the highest,and the seedling time was the shortest.When the embryo age was 35 d,30℃was the most suitable temperature for shortening seedling time and promoting root development.Illumination time 24 h(hour)was beneficial to shorten seedling time,but was not conducive to root development.【Conclusion】Culture medium,embryo age,temperature and illumination time are the key factors that affect the seedling formation of cotton excised embryo.Advanced embryo age,suitable temperature and illumination time are beneficial to the seedling formation of excised embryo,shortening seedling time and promoting root development.Under the conditions of embryo age 35 d,temperature 30℃and illumination time 24 h,the effect of hydroponics of excised embryo is good,which can be used as the suitable condition of simplified seedling culture of early-maturing upland cotton excised embryo.

关 键 词：棉花 胚 培养基 温度 光照时间 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]