不同播种期对露地越冬菠菜生长发育及品质的影响  

Effects of Different Sowing Dates in Autumn on the Growth,Development and Quality of Overwintering Spinach in Open Fields

作　　者：阿迪力·阿卜来提 贾凯[1] 张妮 罗燕梅 许豪 马丽娜 高杰[1] Adili Abulaiti;JIA Kai;ZHANG Ni;LUO Yanmei;XU Hao;MA Lina;GAO Jie(Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and High-efficient Production of Characteristic Horticultural Crops in Xinjiang/ College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院/新疆特色园艺作物种质资源与高效生产实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第9期1697-1703,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科基金(2016-10758-3);国家重点研发计划“绿洲农业生态区露地蔬菜化肥农药减施技术模式建立与示范”(2018YFD0201205-3);新疆农业大学研究生创新项目“新疆越冬菠菜高产、高效栽培技术研究”XJAUGRI2018024。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆北疆地区不同播种期对露地越冬菠菜生长发育及品质的影响。【方法】以绿冠369和美国大叶2个菠菜品种为试材,分别于2018年8月15日、8月25日、9月15日播种,次年开春时测定其生长指标、品质指标、产量、抽薹时间等相关指标。【结果】露地栽培条件下,2个菠菜品种在3个不同的播种期均可安全越冬,次年开春采收时随播期的延后2个菠菜品种草酸含量呈递减趋势,抽薹时间会推迟,有效叶片数量和有效产量增加成正比,2个菠菜品种最早(8月15日)播种者越冬后的有效叶片数量和有效产量最低。【结论】不同播种期对露地越冬菠菜部分品质指标和产量的影响很明显,新疆北疆地区根据当地气温条件,平均温度降到15~20℃时播种为宜,一般8月25日以后。【Objective】To study the effects of different sowing dates on the growth,development and quality of overwintering spinach in northern Xinjiang.【Method】Two spinach varieties,Green Crown 369 and the American Big Leaf,were used as testing materials.According to the change trend of temperature,they were sown on August 15,August 25,September 15,2018,and the growth index,quality index,yield,bolting time and other related indexes were measured in the spring of the following year.【Results】Under the condition of open field cultivation,the two spinach varieties could survive the winter safely at three different sowing dates.The oxalic acid content of them decreased with the delay of sowing dates,bolting time was delayed in the next spring,the number of effective leaves was proportional to the increase of effective yield,and the number of effective leaves and effective yield of the two spinach varieties were the lowest after overwintering as early as August 15.【Conclusion】The effects of different sowing dates on some quality indexes and yields of overwintering spinach in open field are obvious.In order to achieve the purpose of high efficiency and high yield cultivation,according to the local temperature conditions,it is suggested that it is appropriate to sow when the average temperature is reduced to 15-20℃in northern Xinjiang,generally after August 25.

关 键 词：菠菜 生长发育 抽薹日期 不同播种期 

分 类 号：S636.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]