粉垄深松破障对新疆盐碱地土壤洗盐脱盐效果  

Study on the Effect of Washing and Desalting of Soil in Saline-alkali Land of Xinjiang by the Breaking of the Barrier by the Deep Pine Ridge

作　　者：迪力努尔·阿布拉 黄建[2] 祁通[2] 冯耀祖[1] 王治国[1] Dilinur Abula;HUANG Jian;QI Tong;FENG Yaozu;WANG Zhiguo(Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院科技成果转化中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第9期1754-1761,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501405);国家自然科学基金(41261076)。

摘　　要：【目的】在不同类型土壤中应用粉垄深松破障技术装备,研究灌溉前后不同点位土壤盐分变化,分析粉垄深松破障技术对盐碱地的淋溶脱盐效果。【方法】利用粉垄深松破障设备,在中度以上盐碱地中深松破障深度达到110 cm,深松破障间距200 cm,冬灌前后取样,取样点为水平间距为距离深松破障0、30和90 cm,取样深度为0~30、30~60和60~90 cm,检测分析土壤总盐。【结果】粉垄深松破障后,冬灌前后土壤脱盐率为,沙土水平方向为0 cm=78%>60 cm=34%>90 cm=31%,垂直方向为60~90 cm=69%>0~30 cm=43%>30~60 cm=32%;壤土水平方向为60 cm=22%>0 cm=20%>90 cm=7%,垂直方向为0~30 cm=30%>30~60 cm=12%>60~90 cm=6%;粘土水平方向平为0 cm=33%>60 cm=29%>90 cm=21%,垂直方向为0~30 cm=40%>60~90 cm=27%>30~60 cm=17%。【结论】粉垄深松破障后,沙土脱盐效率最高达到48%,粘土为28%,壤土为18%;粉垄深松破障区脱盐率为44%,30 cm处脱盐率为28%,90 cm处脱盐率为20%;不同深度表现为表层0~30 cm脱盐率为38%,30~60 cm脱盐率为20%,60~90 cm脱盐率为34%;粉垄深松破障能够显著提高土壤洗盐脱盐效果。【Objective】Through the application of the technology and equipment of silt ridge deep breaking barrier in different types of soil,the change of soil salinity at different points before and after irrigation was studied,and the leaching and desalination effect of silt ridge deep breaking barrier technology on saline-alkali land was analyzed.【Methods】Using the powder ridge deep-breaking equipment,the deep-breaking depth reached 110 cm and the spacing of deep-breaking reached 200 cm in the moderately or above saline-alkali land.Samples were taken before and after winter irrigation.The sampling points were horizontal spacing of 0,30 and 90 cm,and the sampling depth was 0-30,30-60 and 60-90 cm,respectively.【Results】After the barrier was broken by the deep loosening of the bed,the soil desalination rate before and after winter irrigation was:the horizontal direction of the sand soil was 0 cm=78%>60 cm=34%>90 cm=31%,and the vertical direction was 60-90 cm=69%>0-30 cm=43%>30-60 cm=32%.The horizontal direction of loam was 60 cm=22%>0 cm=20%>90 cm=7%,and the vertical direction was 0-30 cm=30%>30-60 cm=12%>60-90 cm=6%.The horizontal direction of clay was 0 cm=33%>60 cm=29%>90 cm=21%,and the vertical direction was 0-30 cm=40%>60-90 cm=27%>30-60 cm=17%.【Conclusion】The highest desalination efficiency was 48%,28%for clay and 18%for loam.The desalination rate was 44%,28%at 30 cm and 20%at 90 cm in the barrier area with deep bed loosening.At different depths,the surface desalination rate of 0-30 cm was 38%,that of 30-60 cm was 20%,and that of 60-90 cm was 34%.The effect of washing and desalting of soil can be effectively improved by loosening and breaking the barrier in the bed.

关 键 词：粉垄深松破障 淋洗脱盐 土壤总盐 盐碱地改良 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]