马鞍列岛海域渔业资源声学评估  

Acoustic estimation of fisheries resources off Ma’an Archipelago

作　　者：郭禹 章守宇 程晓鹏 林军 GUO Yu;ZHANG Shouyu;CHENG Xiaopeng;LIN Jun(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2020年第10期1695-1706,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901303);农业农村部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303047)。

摘　　要：为掌握马鞍列岛岛礁海域渔业资源时空分布特征及其与环境间的关系,于2016年12月、2017年3月与5月,使用BioSonics DT-X科学回声探测仪辅以拖网采样对该海域进行3次声学调查。调查结果显示,2016年12月、2017年3月与5月分别评估鱼类46、32、43种,3次声学调查评估鱼类平均丰度密度分别为2.7×10^4、1.98×10^4和1.45×10^4尾/km^2,鱼类平均资源量密度分别为0.33、0.34和0.30 t/km^2,海域内评估鱼类资源总量分别为132、141和126 t。结果显示,3次调查鱼类丰度密度逐渐递减,3月资源量密度和资源量最高,其次为12月和5月。海区底层资源密度最高,中层次之,表层最少,资源密度水平分布与水深之间无明显线性关系,底层资源丰度密度与底质中粉砂质含量呈显著正相关性(R^2>0.75)。近礁区资源丰度密度远高于远礁区,近礁区各月资源丰度密度与温度、盐度无显著线性关系,与溶解氧之间呈一定线性关系(R^2=0.72);远礁区各月资源丰度密度与温度呈显著线性关系(R^2=0.91),与溶解氧间线性相关性较弱(R^2=0.63),与盐度间无明显线性关系。研究证实声学方法在马鞍列岛岛礁海域渔业资源评估中具有良好的作用效果,为后续进一步开展岛礁海域以及人工鱼礁区渔业资源增殖效果评估研究提供了科学依据与现实基础。In order to know the spatial and temporal distribution of fishery resources and their relations with the environment in island and reef area of Ma’an Archipelago,BioSonics DT-X echosounder was used to conduct three acoustic surveys with trawl sampling in December 2016,March and May 2017.The results showed there were 46,32 and 43 species estimated respectively in December 2016,March and May 2017,and the average abundance density were 2.7×10^4,1.98×10^4 and 1.45×104 ind/km^2,and the average biomass density were 0.33,0.34 and 0.30 t/km^2.The biomass were 132,141 and 126 t in the three fishery resources.The fish abundance density decreased gradually over 3 times,the biomass density and biomass were the highest in March,followed by December and May.There was no significant linear relationship between depth and resource density,which were the highest at the bottom layer,followed by middle layer and the least value at surface layer.There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance density of the bottom layer and the silty content of the sediment(R^2>0.75).There was no significant linear relationship with fishery abundance density and temperature and salinity of each month,and there was a certain linear relationship with dissolved oxygen(R^2=0.72)in the near reef area,where the fishery abundance density was much higher than that in the far reefs.There was a significant linear relationship between fishery abundance density and temperature(R^2=0.91),and the linear correlation with the dissolved oxygen was weak(R^2=0.63),and there was no significant linear relationship with the salinity.The research confirmed that the acoustic method showed good effects in island and reef area of Ma’an Archipelago of fishery resources assessment,providing the scientific basis and realistic foundation for further study on the effect assessment of island and reef and artificial reef area.

关 键 词：渔业资源 声学调查 资源评估 时空分布 环境因子 马鞍列岛 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]