超铀核素辐射监测新技术研究  

Study on New Technology of Transuranic Nuclide Radiation Monitoring

作　　者：刘森林[1] 骆志平[1] 陈凌[1] 庞洪超[1] LIU Senlin;LUO Zhiping;CHEN Ling;PANG Hongchao(China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院,北京102413

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2020年第S01期251-259,共9页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

摘　　要：操作超铀核素的核设施,涉及到低能X/γ射线、中子、α粒子及α气溶胶。针对其特殊性及目前存在的主要问题,在场所辐射监测、工作人员监测、环境监测等方面获得了突破性进展。建立了基于电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)的气溶胶实时连续监测装置和方法,在测量时间为1 min的情况下,系统对239 Pu气溶胶的探测下限(LOD)为1.7×10^-5 Bq/m^3,远低于导出空气浓度(DAC)限值(对于M和S类239 Pu的DAC分别为0.3 Bq/m^3和1.0 Bq/m^3);建立了基于碲锌镉(CZT)常温半导体的场所周围剂量当量测量系统,该系统对X/γ射线的能量下限低至15 keV,满足低能X/γ射线探测的要求;针对人员安全建立了基于加速器质谱(AMS)的尿钚测量方法,对239 Pu的LOD为1.1μBq(0.47 fg),比传统的α谱仪测量方式低2个量级;同时,建立的AMS系统可进行环境样品等的测量。The operation of transuranic nuclide nuclear facilities relates to low-energy X/γrays,neutron,alpha particle and alpha aerosol.In view of its particularity and the main existing problems,breakthroughs have been made in the fields of site radiation monitoring,staff monitoring,environmental monitoring,etc.The aerosol real-time continuous monitoring device and method were established based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).When the measurement time is 1 min,the limit of detection for 239 Pu aerosol by the system is 1.7×10^-5 Bq/m^3,which is far lower than the derived air concentration(DAC)limit(0.3 Bq/m 3 and 1.0 Bq/m^3 for M-and S-type 239 Pu DACs respectively).A dose equivalent measurement system around the site based on cadmium-zinc-telluride(CZT)normal temperature semiconductor was established.The limit of energy for X/γrays is as low as 15 keV,which meets the requirements for low energy X/γrays detections.For the safety of personnel,a urine plutonium measurement method based on accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS)was established.The limit of detection for 239 Pu is 1.1μBq(0.47 fg),which is 2 orders of magnitude lower than the traditionalαspectrometer measurement.At the same time,the established AMS system can measure environmental samples,etc.

关 键 词：超铀核素 气溶胶 电感耦合等离子体质谱 场所监测 加速器质谱 

分 类 号：TL81[核科学技术—核技术及应用]