黑龙江省集约化牛场奶牛维生素和微量元素缺乏的调查研究  

Investigation on the deficiency of vitamins and trace elements of dairy cows in intensive cattle farms in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：于泓漪 张翠羽 钱伟东[1] 赵畅[1] 张洪友[1] 夏成[1] Yu Hongyi;Zhang Cuiyu;Qian Weidong;Zhao Chang;Zhang Hongyou;Xia Cheng(Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Heilongjiang Daqing 163316)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院黑龙江省牛病防制重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《现代畜牧兽医》2020年第9期42-45,共4页Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然基金项目“泌乳早期高产奶牛亚临床维生素E缺乏的血清生物标示物筛选与确证(31873028)”;畜禽群发普通病防控技术研究(2017YFD0502200);标准化养殖产业扶贫示范项目(ZY17C08);基于核磁共振技术的泌乳奶牛亚临床VE缺乏的血清代谢谱分析(YJSCX2018-Y18)。

摘　　要：调查试验在黑龙江省某两个集约化牛场(A场、B场)进行,每场分别在产前10 d~分娩当天(0 d)、产后30~50 d、60~80 d各选取8头,产后10~20 d选取16头,共80头奶牛,测定血中维生素E(VE)、维生素C(VC)、维生素A(VA)、硒(Se)、锌(Zn)和铜(Cu)的含量。结果显示:A场VE、VC、VA、Se、Zn和Cu的缺乏率分别为50.0%、5.0%、20.0%、12.5%、27.5%、10.0%;B场的缺乏率分别为47.5%、0%、10.0%、12.5%、25.0%、10.0%。两场VE均在产后10~20 d缺乏率最高;A场在产后10~20 d时Zn和Cu的缺乏率达到最高,VA、Se和VC在产前10~0 d和产后10~20 d缺乏率最高;B场的Zn和Se在产后10~20 d和60~80 d缺乏率最高,Cu在产后30~50 d缺乏率最高,VA在产前10~0 d缺乏率最高。试验表明:两个牛场奶牛在围产期和泌乳早期存在不同程度的VE、VA、Se、Zn和Cu缺乏,产后10~20 d缺乏率最高。因此,牛场应在围产期和泌乳早期补充维生素和微量元素,避免造成经济损失。The investigation was conducted in two intensive cattle farms(farm A and farm B) in Heilongjiang Province. Eight cows were selected from each farm from 10 d before delivery to 0 d, 30~50 d after delivery and 60~80 d after delivery, and 16 cows were selected from 10~20 d after delivery, with a total of 80 cows. The contents of VE, VC, VA, Se, Zn and Cu in blood were determined. The results showed that the deficiency rates of VE, VC, VA, Se, Zn and Cu in field A were: 50.0%, 5.0%, 20.0%, 12.5%, 27.5% and 10.0%, respectively. The deficiency rates of field B were 47.5%, 0%, 10.0%, 12.5%, 25.0% and 10.0%, respectively. The deficiency rate of the two VE games was the highest at 10~20 d postpartum. The deficiency rate of Zn and Cu in field A reached the highest at 10~20 d after delivery, while that of VA, Se and VC reached the highest at 10~0 d before delivery and 10~20 d after delivery. The deficiency rate of Zn and Se in field B was the highest in 10~20 d and 60~80 d after the birth, the deficiency rate of Cu was the highest in 30~50 d after the birth, the deficiency rate of VA was the highest in 10~0 d before the birth, and the deficiency rate of VC was not the highest. The test indicated that there were different levels of VE, VA, Se, Zn and Cu deficiency in cows in the perinatal period and early lactation period, and the highest rate was 10~20 d postpartum. Therefore, cow farms should supplement vitamins and trace elements, during perinatal period and early lactation, to avoid economic losses.

关 键 词：维生素 微量元素 奶牛 集约化牛场 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]