吉林省东部山区耕地土壤酸化特征研究  

Study on soil acidification characteristics of cultivated soil in the eastern mountains of Jilin Province

作　　者：殷秀岩 隋明义 谭志强 马遥 洛俊峰 谢忠凯[2] YIN Xiu-yan;SUI Ming-yi;TAN Zhi-qiang;MA Yao;LUO Jun-feng;XIE Zhong-kai(Tonghua Heyun Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Tonghua 134001;Tonghua City Soil Fertilizer Workstation,Tonghua 134000)

机构地区：[1]通化禾韵现代农业股份有限公司,通化134001 [2]通化市土壤肥料工作站,通化134000

出　　处：《人参研究》2020年第5期50-53,共4页Ginseng Research

摘　　要：为了研究吉林省东部山区耕地土壤酸化特征,选取了水浸pH值5.0以下的耕地土壤,采集了29份土壤样品,同时采集天然林林地土壤样品12份作为对照,通过土壤检测对比发现,耕地土壤水浸pH值平均4.6,对应的盐浸pH值为4.0,分别比对照下降0.8、0.7个单位,选择的耕地土壤样品表现出重度酸化。选取的耕地土壤具有交换性酸大幅增加、交换性钙镁含量与盐基饱和度大幅下降,这是重度酸化耕地土壤所表现的主要化学特征。区域内耕地土壤酸化的本质是土壤盐基离子的流失。水土流失严重、有机质含量下降、大量化肥特别是氮肥的过量施用、钙镁离子被作物带出农田而得不到补充等方面加速了土壤酸化的过程。吉林省东部山区耕地土壤酸化面积在扩大、酸化程度加重,影响了区域内种植业结构的调整,需要通过根茬与秸秆还田、增施有机肥、增施石灰等碱性材料、实施保护性耕作、实施测土平衡施肥等措施不断地改良培肥土壤,以期达到用养结合可持续利用耕地。In order to study the characteristics of cultivated soil acidification in the mountainous areas of eastern Jilin Province,29 soil samples were collected from cultivated soil with a pH value below 5.0,and 12 soil samples from natural forest soil were collected as controls.Through soil testing and comparison,it was found that the average pH value of cultivated soil water immersion was 4.6,and the corresponding salt immersion pH value was 4.0,respectively 0.8 and 0.7 units lower than the control.The selected cultivated soil samples showed severe acidification.The selected cultivated soil showed a significant increase in exchangeable acid,a significant decrease in exchangeable calcium and magnesium content,and a significant decrease in base-saturation,which were the main chemical characteristics of severely acidified cultivated soil.The essence of soil acidification in cultivated soil is the loss of soil base ions.Soil acidification is accelerated by serious soil erosion,decrease of organic matter content,excessive application of chemical fertilizer,especially nitrogen fertilizer,and unreplenished calcium and magnesium ions taken out of farmsoil by crops.The area of cultivated soil acidification in the mountainous areas of eastern Jilin Province is expanding and the degree of acidification is increasing,which has affected the adjustment of the regional planting industry structure,need with root crop straw returned,increasing organic fertilizer application,such as increasing lime alkaline materials,the implementation of conservation tillage,implementing balance of soil testing fertilization measures such as improved soil fertility continuously,in order to achieve with a combination of sustainable utilization of cultivated soil.

关 键 词：耕地土壤酸化 酸化特征 酸化影响因素 改良培肥措施 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]