河北省不同蔬菜种类废弃物资源量、分布特征及肥料化利用潜力分析  

Analysis on Quantity,Distribution Characteristics and Utilization as Resource Manure Potential of Different Kinds Vegetable Wastes in Hebei Province

作　　者：段亚军 张惠 吕诗 张玉坤 王小敏[1] 宁国辉[1] 杨志新[1,2] DUAN Ya-jun;ZHANG Hui;LYU Shi;ZHANG Yu-kun;WANG Xiao-min;NING Guo-hui;YANG Zhi-xin(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Environment,Baoding 071001,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2020年第10期77-82,共6页China Vegetables

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(19223811D);现代农业产业技术体系河北省创新团队建设项目(HBCT2018030206)。

摘　　要：以河北省11个地级市8大类主要蔬菜废弃物为研究对象,利用草谷比估算了河北省不同蔬菜废弃物资源量。结果表明:2011~2016年期间河北省蔬菜废弃物资源量平均以每年4.26万t的速度增加,2016年达到了230.37万t。其中,甘蓝类(57.87万t)、白菜类(43.42万t)和茄果类(29.98万t)蔬菜废弃物资源量最高,比平均值分别增加了100.98%、50.80%、4.12%,其次为根茎类、豆类和瓜菜类,叶菜类和葱蒜类最低。废弃物资源量在各地级市间分布不均衡,变异系数为50.57%~82.52%。以唐山市(40.81万t)、石家庄市(35.17万t)、保定市(29.78万t)和张家口市(27.96万t)蔬菜废弃物资源量最多,总量占全省的58.04%。将全省蔬菜废弃物全部进行肥料化,相当于每667 m^2农田间接施加纯氮3.01 kg、纯磷1.85 kg、纯钾2.99 kg和有机质72.61 kg,相当于全年化肥用量的6.68%和有机肥299.20万t,其中,甘蓝类、白菜类和茄果类蔬菜氮磷钾养分量最高,总量占8类蔬菜的57.73%,有机质含量根茎类最高。全省蔬菜废弃物资源量在2011~2016年期间呈稳定上升趋势,且不同地区各类蔬菜废弃物资源量和养分量差异突出,其中,蔬菜产量和产废系数成为了影响蔬菜废弃物资源量差异高低的重要因素。Taking 8 kinds of main vegetable wastes in 11 prefecture-level cities of Hebei Province as study object,the paper estimated the quantity of different vegetable wastes resources in Hebei Province by grassgrain ratio.The results showed that the quantity of vegetable waste resources in Hebei Province increased at an average rate of 42600 t·a-1 from 2011-2016,reaching 2.30 million t in 2016.Among which,cabbage(578700 t),Chinese cabbage(434200 t)and solanaceous vegetables(299800 t)had the highest quantity of vegetable waste resources,increasing by 100.98%,50.80%and 4.12%,respectively compared with the mean value,followed by tubers,beans and melon vegetables.Those of leaf and bulb vegetables were the lowest.The quantity of waste resources was distributed unevenly among each prefecture-level city,with 50.57%-82.52%coefficient variation.Tangshan(408100 t),Shijiazhuang(351700 t),Baoding(297800 t)and Zhangjiakou(279600 t)had the maximum quantities,accounting for 58.04%of the whole province.Utilization as resource manure of all these vegetable wastes in the province was equivalent to indirect application of 45.15 kg·hm^-2 pure nitrogen,27.75 kg·hm^-2 pure phosphorus,44.85 kg·hm^-2 pure potassium and 1089.15 kg·hm^-2 of organic matter per 667 m^2 farmland;and equivalent to 6.68%of the annual amount of chemical fertilizer and 2.992 million t of organic fertilizer,among which cabbage,Chinese cabbage and solanaceous vegetables had the highest nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients,accounting for 57.73%of the 8 kinds vegetables.The organic matter content in tubers vegetables was the highest.The quantity of vegetable waste resources in the whole province showed a steady upward trend from 2011-2016.There were significant differences in the quantities of all kinds of vegetable wastes and nutrients in different regions,among which vegetable yield and waste coefficient had become important factors affecting the difference of vegetable waste resources quantities.

关 键 词：蔬菜种类 蔬菜废弃物 资源量 分布特征 肥料化 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]