伪造股东签名决议效力之判别--兼论意思表示瑕疵规则与公司决议瑕疵规则的适用对接  

Determination on the Validity of Company Resolutions with Forging Shareholders’Signatures—And on the Connection of Application of the Defective Rule of the Declaration of Intention and the Defective Rule of Company’s Resolution

作　　者：吴飞飞 Wu Feifei

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2020年第3期1-14,共14页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金青年项目“《民法总则》与公司决议制度适用对接问题研究”(18CFX045)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：伪造股东签名决议,系伪造股东同意某项议案的意思表示,处于个人法与团体法的交叉融汇地带。对伪造股东签名决议这一特殊决议瑕疵类型效力之判别,可触及意思表示瑕疵规则如何与公司决议瑕疵规则适用对接的一般性命题。在司法实践中,作为原因事实的伪造股东签名行为经常与伪造决议、一般性程序违法以及内容违法等原因事实相互牵连发生,即个人法上的意思表示瑕疵与团体法上的程序、内容瑕疵呈牵连状态。在非牵连状态下,应适用意思表示撤销规则,扣减被伪造签名股东同意的表决权数后,根据决议是否还能满足最低通过比例规定,认定决议是否成立。当与伪造决议、内容违法牵连时,伪造股东签名为后两种行为所吸收,决议效力状态分别为不成立、无效。当与一般性程序违法牵连时,若在《公司法》第22条规定的60日客观除斥期间内,撤销决议或确认决议不成立无实质差异;若超过60日客观除斥期间,则应适用意思表示撤销规则扣减相应表决权数后,再判别决议是否成立。基于公司决议的商事属性、公司治理的安定性、被伪造签名股东权利保护的必要性等因素考量,就股东对其瑕疵意思表示之撤销权,设置6个月的主观除斥期间和1年的客观除斥期间较为适宜。Forging a shareholder’s signature in a resolution,refers to forging a shareholder’s intention to agree to a bill,which stays at the intersection of personal law and group law.The determination on the validity of the special resolution defect type of the resolution forgery of the shareholders’ signatures can touch the general proposition about the connection of application of declaration of intention defect rules and the company’s resolution defect rules.In judicial practice,the act of forging shareholders’ signatures as cause facts is often implicated with forging resolutions,general procedural violations,and content violations,that is,defects in the declaration of intention in personal law and defects in procedure and content in group law are implicated.In the non-implicated state,the revocation rule of the declaration of intention shall be applied.After deducting the number of voting rights agreed by the forged signature shareholders,whether the resolution is established or not shall be determined according to whether the resolution can still meet the minimum passing ratio provision.When implicated in resolution forgery or content violation,forging the shareholder’s signature will be absorbed by the latter two acts,and the validity status of the resolution is not established or invalid.When implicated in the violation of the general procedure,there is no substantial difference whether the resolution is revoked or confirmed not to be established within the 60-day objective scheduled period prescribed in Article 22 of the Company Law;If exceeding the 60-day objective scheduled period,the revocation rules of the declaration of intention shall be applied after the deduction of the number of corresponding voting rights,and then determine whether the resolution is established.Considering the factors such as the commercial nature of the company resolution,the stability of corporate governance and the necessity to protect the rights of shareholders whose signatures have been forged,as for the shareholder’

关 键 词：伪造股东签名 决议瑕疵 意思表示瑕疵 决议不成立 除斥期间 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]