表层穿透雷达在月球和深空探测中的应用  

A Review of Application of Surface Penetrating Radar in the Moon and Deep-space Exploration

作　　者：王瑞刚 苏彦[1,2,3] 洪天晟 戴舜 刘晨迪[1,2,3] Wang Ruigang;Su Yan;Hong Tiansheng;Dai Shun;Liu Chendi(National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep-Space Exploration,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [2]中国科学院月球与深空探测重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《天文研究与技术》2020年第4期492-512,共21页Astronomical Research & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11941002)资助.

摘　　要：对月球以及更远天体或者空间环境的探测是人类航天活动的重要方向。开展月球和深空探测有利于研究太阳系起源、演化与现状,以及生命起源与演变等重大科学问题,有利于催生基础性、前瞻性的学科与技术。相比光学探测方法,雷达具有强穿透性、极化特性以及不受光照限制等优势,是探测天体特性的有效手段之一,在月球和深空探测中发挥了重要作用。电磁波能够穿透几米到几千米的次表层,可用于探测月球和深空目标的表层介电常数、次表层结构、电离层及水冰等。按照探测方式的不同,表层穿透雷达探测主要包括地基雷达、环绕器雷达及巡视器雷达3种方式。针对不同的科学目标,不同的探测方式具有各自的优势和不足。回顾了表层穿透雷达在月球、火星以及小行星等探测中的科学应用,总结了已经投入使用以及计划中的各种雷达科学载荷的探测任务、参数设计、工作原理和探测结果,展望了在未来利用表层穿透雷达进行月球和深空探测的发展趋势。The exploration of the moon and deep space objects or environment is an important field of human space activities.The exploration of the moon and deep space is conducive to the study of the origin,evolution and current situation of the solar system,the origin and evolution of life and other major scientific issues,and to the birth of basic and forward-looking disciplines and technologies.Compared with other detection methods such as optics,radar has the advantages of strong penetration,polarization and is not limited by light.It is one of the effective means to detect the characteristics of the moon and deep space objects and plays an important role in the exploration process.Electromagnetic wave can penetrate several meters to several thousand meters of subsurface,which can be used to detect the surface dielectric constant,subsurface structure,ionosphere and water ice of the moon and deep space targets.According to different detection methods,surface penetrating radar detection mainly includes ground-based radar,space-borne radar and rover radar.For different scientific objectives,different detection methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.Our review covers the retrospect of the scientific application of surface penetrating radar in the exploration of moon,Mars and asteroids,summarizes the exploration tasks,parameter design,working principle and results of various radar on-board different exploration missions,both planed ones and those in service,and looks forward to the development trend of lunar and deep space exploration using surface penetrating radar in the future.

关 键 词：表层穿透雷达 深空探测 地基雷达 环绕器雷达 巡视器雷达 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]