呼伦贝尔羊草草原割草场植物群落特征及物种多样性分析  

Analysis of Community Characteristics and Species Diversity in Leymus chinensis Dominant Steppe of Hulunbuir

作　　者：刘琼 席青虎 乌仁其其格 LIU Qiong;XI Qing-hu;Wurenqiqige(School of Life Sciences,Hulunbuir University,Hulunbuir 021008,China;Bureau of Forestry and Grassland of Hulunbuir in Inner Mongolia,Hulunbuir 021008,China;School of Agriculture and Forestry,Hulunbuir University,Hulunbuir 021008,China)

机构地区：[1]呼伦贝尔学院生命科学学院,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021008 [2]内蒙古呼伦贝尔市林业和草原局,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021008 [3]呼伦贝尔学院农林学院,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021008

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2020年第5期55-63,共9页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2017MS0328);呼伦贝尔市科技计划项目(YYYFHZ201901);国家自然科学基金项目(31700410);内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划项目(NJYT-18-B27)。

摘　　要：在内蒙古呼伦贝尔羊草草原不同方位选择谢尔塔拉镇、新宝力格苏木、呼和诺尔镇和黑山头镇4个典型割草场,采用样方调查法开展植被特征调查,在区域尺度上对比其物种组成、功能群组成、数量特征、地上生物量及群落α-多样性等差异。结果表明:呼和诺尔割草场羊草重要值基本高于其他割草场,谢尔塔拉割草场灌木、半灌木和一、二年生植物最少,黑山头割草场出现一些中生牧草且重要值较高,新宝力格割草场旱生牧草重要值较高。从物种组成上看,新宝力格和呼和诺尔割草场退化程度较谢尔塔拉和黑山头割草场严重。地上生物量呈现自西南向东北方向增加的空间分布特征。从2016~2018年年度变化看,4个调查地群落盖度、高度、密度均表现出先减少后增加的趋势。4个调查地群落α-多样性指数变化规律基本保持一致,黑山头割草场在调查中群落α-多样性指数最高。Four experimental plots(Xieertala town,Xinbaolige town,Huhenuoer town and Heishantou town)in Leymus chinensis dominant steppe of Hulunbuir were selected to reveal differences in species composition,functional group composition,quantitative characteristics,abovegrourd biomass and communityα-diversity using quadrat method.The results showed that the important value of L.chinensis in Huhenuoer was higher than that of other plots.The number of shrubs,subshrubs,annual and biennial plants were the lowest in Xieertala.Some mesophytes with high important value appeared in Heishantou,while xerophytes with high important value showed up in Xinbaolige.The degradation of species composition of Xinbaolige and Huhenuoer was more serious than that of Xieertala and Heishantou.The aboveground biomass increased from southwest to northeast.For the annual changes from 2016 to 2018,the community coverage,height and density of the four plots decreased firstly and increased subsequently.The communityα-diversity index was similar among the four experimental plots,which was the highest in Heishantou.

关 键 词：物种组成 数量特征 地上生物量 物种多样性 羊草草原 

分 类 号：S812.29[农业科学—草业科学]