环保大趋势下农村小微企业的绿色转型实践研究  

Study on the Green Transformation Practice of Rural Small and Micro Enterprises under the General Trend of Environmental Protection

作　　者：刘凌 LIU Ling(School of Humanities and Social Science,University of Science and Technology,Beijing 100083;Center for Studies of Sociological Theory&Method,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学文法学院,北京100083 [2]中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第5期103-110,共8页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中国人民大学重大规划项目“统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设”(项目编号:15XNLG04)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：通过实地考察A县农村小微企业的绿色转型实践,指出在国家推动的、自上而下的绿色发展大趋势下,以强制性环境政策为触发点的制度环境和技术环境变化,经由多元社会主体(基层政府、行业协会、社会公众)和市场主体(金融机构、市场同业)传导给企业差异化的绿色转型压力。这种外部环境压力以企业的个体属性差异(比如,相对规模、运营状况、外部支持、获得的社会组织关系等)为中介使企业在环保能力与环保意愿上产生分化,并最终生成积极型、被迫型、失能型和规避型四种不同类型的环境行为。本文的分析表明:一、由于在资金、技术、人才、管理等方面缺乏转化制度环境与技术环境张力的条件与能力,应外部环境变化,适度地、渐进地调整环境行为是农村小微企业转向绿色生产模式的现实路径选择。二、由于农村小微企业群体的异质性较强,使得不同的企业对两种环境叠加之后产生的外部压力有不同的感知,并会产生不同的企业行为。三、农村小微企业的环保意愿和环保能力相对独立,且与其个体属性密切相关。当企业有足够的环保能力时,外部环境压力可推动其采取积极或被动的环保行为,而较强的环保意愿可能与企业所有者而非企业规模或资金有更多关联。因此,充分考虑农村小微企业群体的异质性及其环保意愿与环保能力之间的相对独立关系,减少制度环境与技术环境之间的内在张力,基于企业环境行为类型差异分类施策,对于促进农村小微企业绿色转型,推动农村经济绿色发展具有现实意义。Based on the practice of green transformation of rural small and micro enterprises in A county,this article pointed out that under the general trend of state-driven,top-down green development,the change of institutional environment and technological environment with compulsory environmental policy is transmitted to the green transformation pressure of enterprise differentiation through multiple social subjects(grass-roots government,trade association,social public)and market subjects(financial institutions,market peers).This external environmental pressure is mediated by individual attribute differences(e.g.relative scale,operating condition,external support,social organization relationship,etc.),which divide the environmental protection ability and willingness of enterprises,and finally generate four different types of environmental behaviors:positive,forced,disabled and evasive.The analysis indicates following points:1:Because of the lack of conditions and ability to transform the institutional environment and the technical environment tension in the aspects of capital,technology,professionals and management,it is the realistic path to be chosen or rural small and micro enterprises to turn to green production mode to adjust their environmental behavior moderately and gradually due to external environment change;2 :Because of the heterogeneity of rural small and micro enterprise group,different enterprises have different perception of the external pressure caused by the superposition of the two environments,and thus will make different enterprise behavior;3:The environmental protection will and ability of rural small and micro enterprises are relatively independent and closely related to their individual attributes.When an enterprise has sufficient environmental protection capability,external environmental pressure can drive it to adopt active or passive environmental protection behavior,and strong environmental protection will may be more related to the owner of the enterprise rather than the size or possessed

关 键 词：企业环境行为 环保意愿 环保能力 制度环境 技术环境 

分 类 号：C919[经济管理]