过失犯的规范构造:以朱平书等危险物品肇事案为线索  

Negligent Crime's Normative Structure:Taking the Case of Zhu Pingshu and Liu Chao as a Clue

作　　者：陈兴良[1] Chen Xingliang

机构地区：[1]北京大学

出　　处：《比较法研究》2020年第5期22-34,共13页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：过失犯是相对于故意犯而存在的一种犯罪类型。在刑法教义学中,对过失犯进行了较多的研究,形成了旧过失论、新过失论和新新过失论等各种不同的理论观点。对于过失犯不能仅仅从存在论上进行分析,而是应当注重规范论的考察,只有从规范的视角才能真正把握过失犯的独特内容。过失犯还存在一个从责任论到构成要件论的演变过程,最初的过失论只是责任论的内容之一,过失和故意相并列成为两种责任形式。此后,随着新过失论的兴起,过失不再仅仅是责任要素,而且也是构成要件要素。在构成要件阶层主要考察过失犯的实行行为,在责任阶层则主要进行主观归责的分析。在过失犯的构成要件中,应当以违反结果避免义务为中心,而在过失犯的主观归责时,则以违反结果预见义务为核心而展开。本文以朱平书等危险物品肇事案为线索,从过失犯的各个阶层对本案的定罪过程予以理论分析。Negligent crime is a type of crime corresponding to intentional crime.In the dogmatic theory of criminal law,negligent crime has been studied to some extent,and different academic viewpoints have been formed,including the old doctrine of negligence,the new doctrine of negligence and the doctrine of sense of fear.As to negligent crime,we should not only analyze it from the perspective of ontology,but also pay more attention to its normative study.And then,we would really grasp its unique content.The doctrines of negligent crime have an evolution process with a shift from the theory of culpability to the theory of constitutive element.The traditional doctrines of negligence belong to the content of the theory of culpability;correspondingly,negligence and intention are regarded as two forms of culpability.Since then,with the rise of the new doctrine of negligence,negligence is no longer just an element of culpability,but becomes a constitutive element of wrongdoing.In the level of negligent crime's wrongdoing,people mainly examine its perpetrating act;while in the level of negligent crime's culpability,people would carry on the analysis of subjective imputation.In the wrongdoing of negligent crime,whether the obligation to avoid the harmful result has been violated should be its center.While in the subjective imputation of negligent crime,the breach of the obligation to foresee would be taken as its core.Taking the case of Zhu Pingshu and Liu Chao as a clue,this paper makes a theoretical analysis on the defendants'convictions from the levels of negligent crime's normative structure.

关 键 词：过失犯 旧过失论 新过失论 结果避免可能性 结果预见可能性 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]