具体合宪性审查的必要性及其制度空间  

On the Necessity of Concrete Constitutional Review and Its Institutional Space

作　　者：黄明涛[1] Huang Mingtao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2020年第5期132-146,共15页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：推动合宪性审查在我国的进一步制度化,不能遗漏“具体审查”这种审查程序。从合宪性审查的普遍经验、审判机关的宪法实施义务、合宪性解释的制度瓶颈和备案审查的“挤压效应”等方面来看,建立具体合宪性审查,都是必要的。从现行宪法关于宪法监督的本质规范来看,具体合宪性审查的基本要素与之不存在抵触,是可以纳入到合宪性审查制度建构的总体格局之中的。在当前,具体合宪性审查制度建构的首要方向,包括最高人民法院合宪性审查要求权的制度化,以及全国人大常委会实质审查环节的具体工作机制的进一步完善。In China,the constitutional review must not be institutionalized in the absence of"concrete review".The arguments necessitating the establishment of concrete constitutional review can be offered from four perspectives:1)transnational experience of concrete review in constitutional courts;2)the judiciary's constitutional duty of enforcing the Constitution;3)the structural obstacles to the"constitution-conform interpretation";4)the"record and review"system's negative effect upon constitutional review.It's proposed that there's no contradiction between the fundamental norms of Chinese constitutional system and the essential elements consisting the concrete review.To facilitate the realization of concrete review,priority should be focused upon two points:first,the further institutionalization of the SPC's power of requesting constitutional review;second,the perfection of NPCSC's internal operating mechanism regarding constitutional review.

关 键 词：合宪性审查 具体审查 审查要求权 审查机关工作机制 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]