微生物转化在秸秆还田中的应用进展  

Advances in the application of biotransformation in straw returning to field

作　　者：董祥洲[1] 陈亚奎 任立伟 黄魏魏[1] 朱启法 DONG Xiangzhou;CHEN Yakui;REN Liwei;HUANG Weiwei;ZHU Qifa(Anhui Wannan Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Xuancheng 242000,China;Department of Chemical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司,安徽宣城242000 [2]清华大学化学工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《生物加工过程》2020年第5期604-611,共8页Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering

基　　金：安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司科技项目(20170563001)。

摘　　要：秸秆还田是秸秆资源化利用的主要手段,而微生物转化与秸秆还田息息相关。本文中,笔者主要阐述了焚烧还田、过腹还田、堆沤还田和直接还田4种主要秸秆还田方式的优缺点,并从微生物转化的实现难易程度和秸秆利用率等角度分析了这几种还田方式应用于现代化农业的优劣,多方面论证了秸秆直接还田更符合现代化农业的进程。重点论述了微生物转化在秸秆直接还田中的作用以及提高秸秆转化率的方法,并总结了秸秆直接还田对土壤微生物数量和微生物活性的影响。最后,基于现有研究和我国秸秆还田的实际情况,提出了强化土壤微生物是推进秸秆直接还田的主要发展方向,为我国秸秆还田过程中微生物对秸秆的转化过程与机制研究奠定基础。Returning straw to the field is the main method of straw resource utilization,and microbial transformation is closely related to returning straw to the field.We describe here the advantages and disadvantages of the four main straw return methods of incineration return,overbelly return,heap dump return and direct return,and analyze the perspectives of microbial conversion and straw utilization.In view of the advantages and disadvantages of these several methods of returning land to modern agriculture,it has been demonstrated in many ways that returning straw to the field is more in line with the process of modern agriculture.Furthermore,we discuss the role of microbial transformation in returning straw to the field and the methods for improving the conversion rate of straw in detail,and summarize the effects of returning straw to the soil on the number and activity of soil microorganisms.Finally,based on the existing research and the actual situation of returning straw to the field in China,we propose strengthening soil microorganisms as the main development direction to promote the direct return of straw to the field.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 生物转化 土壤 微生物 秸秆资源化 

分 类 号：Q936[生物学—微生物学]